


,^-.^-'' 






\r-jiA} > 

^^^:; 

"i'^-;'^-- 



X^?^? 






m: 



v:.i. 



■*r-v<>^v 



^: :i.t: 



,4;^^- 









^ 



REPORT 



OF A 



COMMITTEE OF THE OVERSEERS 



OF 



HARVARD COLLEpl^ 



JdAjrUARir 6, IBM. 



CAMBRIDGE : 
UNIVERSITY PRESS--HILLIARD AND METCALP. 



1825. 



«^. 



4 



II 






% 






REPORT 



OF A 



COMZHITTBE OF THE OVERSiaBBS 



OF 



HARVARD COLLEGE, 



JANUARY 6f 1825. 



CAMBRIDGE : 
UNIVERSITY PRESS— HILLIARD AND METCALF. 

1825. 



/ 



Gift 
EdMNi L Whitney 

DEC 8- 1938 



\Z7JS 



Correction, for Doeument Til. page 21, 
Against the name of the Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory, 

JYo. of Lessons. Time. 



add 



*62 



42 



Rhetorick 

Sophomores 

Correcting Themes 
I Soph's, Jiin'rs, h Sen'rs 

I Also, in the column of Time, add, after Declamation, 1 hour, and, after Themesj 
■loursi and, in the column of Total of Lessons, insert 235. 



2 



^ 






0/1 



REPORT. 



^ The Committee of the Board of Overseers, appointed 
^ on the 1st day of June last, with instructions to make a 
report setting forth in detail the finances of the Univer- 
sity and its w^ays and means ; an estimate of its expen- 
ses for the present year, and an account of the compen- 
sation, obligations, and duties of the Instructers ; of the 
course of study and progress of the Students, and of the 
practical inconveniences, if any , arising from the present or- 
ganization of the Immediate Government; and to propose 
such specifick regulations as they should deem conducive 
to the prosperity of the Institution ; and to revise the 
College Law^s, and reduce them to a simple and brief 
form, beg leave to submit the following 

REPORT. 

The Committee have invited and received communi- 
cations from the President and Treasurer of the University, 
from the Immediate Government as a body, and from each 
of the Instructers; and the documents herewith submitted 
exhibit the statements received from them, comprising 
all the information w^hich the Committee were instructed 
to procure. 

No. I. is the Statement received from the Treasurer, 
setting forth the Finances of the University, comprising 
a particular account of its ways and means, the expenses 
necessary during the present College year, the salaries 



^f'q 



IV REPORT. 

of all the officers, and the funds from which the same 
are paid. 

The only regulation now proposed by the Committee, 
in relation to the subjects mentioned in the Treasu- 
rer's Statement, is the provision suggested by him, that 
no higher rate of interest be allowed on the several ap- 
propriations, than the average amount actually received 
by the College on its investments, unless in cases where 
some agreement has been made to the contrary. The 
suggestion heretofore made, that some Professorships 
may be united, as vacancies shall occur, and the ex- 
penses of the College be in this way diminished is deem- 
ed highly important, and ought undoubtedly to be care- 
fully kept in view whenever an opportunity for applying 
it shall arise. But the only vacancy now existing is in 
the Alford Professorship, in which, as in several of the 
others, the Statutes of the Founders, provide that no 
other duties than those prescribed by them shall ever be 
assigned to the Professor. 

The documents numbered II. III. and IV. were com- 
municated, at the request of the Committee, by the Pres- 
ident of the College and by the Corporation and Imme- 
diate Government through the President. The letter 
accompanying them is annexed to this Report. 

No. II. contains the Foundations, Statutes, and Regu- 
lations of the several Professorships and Tutorships, 
showing the duties which are required of each Instruc- 
ter, or may be required of him consistently with the 
terms of the original foundation, or with the contract 
made between him and the University. 

No. III. contains the Answers of the Immediate 
Government to a series of questions proposed by the 
Committee with the view of ascertaining and exhibiting 



REPORT. V 

the present organizatk)n of the Government and the 
practical effects of that organization, the course of in- 
struction and modes of discipline, the duties performed by 
the College officers, the conduct and proficiency of the 
Students, the necessary expenses of education, the 
changes which have taken place in these respects during 
the last twenty years, and such further particulars in 
relation to the condition of the University in ail its de- 
partments, as would enable the Overseers to form a satis- 
factory opinion of the application and probable eftect of 
the various alterations which had been, or might be sug- 
gested. 

The answers of the several Instructers to a circular 
letter of the Committee, requesting an account from 
each of the instruction given by him to the different 
classes, and of their progress, are also herewith sub- 
mitted ; but it has not been thought necessary to print 
them, since the facts stated in them, so far as they were 
called for by the Board, or relate to the amendments 
proposed, are presented in a condensed and convenient 
form, in the two documents last mentioned. 

With a view to the performance of the further duties 
assigned them, that of recommending such specifick reo-u- 
lations as they should deem expedient, and that of pre- 
paring a code of College Laws in a simple and brief 
form, including those regulations; the Committee com- 
municated to each of the Instructers their intention of 
asking a personal interview with him after recelviiio his 
answer to their letter. Their object was to enter into a 
free discussion of the measures to be proposed, with 
those, whose situation and experience enabled them to 
ascertain with the most accuracy the nature and extent 
of existing evils, and to suggest the most appropriate 



VI REPORT. 

and effectual remedies. On learning afterwards, how- 
ever, that the Immediate Government had been for some 
time engaged, at the request of the Corporation, in pre- 
paring a new code of laws, as a manual for the use of 
the Students, intended to embrace all the specifick regu- 
ulations, which they should think it expedient to adopt 
at present, the Committee determined to postpone any 
further proceedings in relation to this subject, until the 
Report of the Government should be completed. This 
is now done, and the contemplated code has been laid 
before the Corporation, by whom it has been recently 
transmitted to this Committee with the information, that 
it is substantially approved by that body, though it has 
not yet been acted upon definitively. 

No. IV. exhibits this Code, and the Committee respect- 
fully submit the following remarks on the principal pro- 
visions, which it proposes to introduce. 

1. In the organization of the Immediate Government 
it contemplates no essential change, only recommending 
that it be authorized to appoint Committees of its own 
members, with power to inflict any punishment below 
suspension. 

It appears from the answers of the Government, that 
the practical evils resulting from its present organization 
are principally such as are ascribed to its numerousness ; 
that it has never contained more than thirteen members, 
and now^ consists of only ten ; and that they have no 
desire for such change, but are of opinion that it is not 
expedient, though the appointment of committees in the 
manner proposed is deemed by them worthy of experi- 
ment. In this opinion the Committee entirely concur 
with the Government. 



REPORT. VII 

2. By this code the Immediate Government is required 
to take the general state of the College into frequent 
consideration, and to propose to the Corporation any 
laws and measures, by which, in their judgment, the 
system of instruction and discipline may be improved. 
It seems to the Committee peculiarly proper that the 
duty of suggesting a remedy for any evils or abuses, 
which may arise, should be assigned to those, who from 
their situation must be the first to perceive them ; whh 
the understanding, however, that this provision does not 
confer on them any exclusive authority to originate law^s, 
or restrain the Corporation or this Board from proposing 
and establishing any regulation, which they may deem 
expedient. 

3. Authority is also given to the Immediate Govern- 
ment to regulate the arrangement of the prescribed du- 
ties of the Instructers, the times and modes of recita- 
tion, the classification of the Students, and in general 
the methods of instruction, subject in like manner to the 
direction and control of the Corporation and Overseers ; 
a provision, the adoption of which would evince only a 
just and proper confidence, on the part of this Board, in 
the officers of the College. 

4. It is proposed that the several punishments which 
may be inflicted, and the offences which subject a stu- 
dent to any of them being defined, it shall be left to the 
discretion of the Immediate Government to determine 
the mode and degree of punishment in every instance, 
according to the circumstances of the case. As this 
Government exercises an authority merely paternal, and 
the object of their discipline is simply to preserve order 
and decorum within the society itself, the most severe 
punishment being expulsion from it, there appears 



viii REPORT. 

nothing unreasonable in their possessing this authority. 
Indeed it is now necessarily exercised to a considerable 
extent, and under the constant inspection and control of 
the Overseers and the Corporation, no apprehension need 
be entertained of its abuse. 

5. It is designed to abandon the practice of imposing 
fines as an ordinary punishment. They are still enume- 
rated however among the punishments which may be 
inflicted, but are to be applied only in such cases as may 
seem peculiarly to require them. 

6. In case of suspension it is proposed, as one mode, 
that the student may be placed under private instruc- 
tion, provided for the purpose in the town of Cambridge, 
and be subjected to the strictest discipline. 

7. Every quarter bill of each Student is to be accom- 
panied by a statement, from the Records, of every mark 
of approbation or distinction he has received in the quar- 
ter, and of every punishment or censure he has incurred, 
of all his absences from exercises, lectures, and publick 
worship, and his irierit as a scholar, with any other in- 
formation, which in the opinion of the Government will 
be useful to the parents ; and a copy of the quarter bill 
and of this statement is to be sent to the parent or 
guardian. 

8. It is not proposed in this code to make any change 
in the vacations ; but all Students from a distance who 
remain at College in vacation, and whose parents re- 
quest it, are to have duties assigned them, and exercises 
to be performed to some officer appointed for the pur- 
pose. The Committee are decidedly of opinion that 
this provision ought not to be confined to Students from 
a distance, but extended to all, whose parents shall re- 
quest it, wherever they reside. 



REPORT. ' IX 

9. Instead of the annual examinations of the several 
classes, each class is to be examined at the time it has 
finished a particular book, or particular branch of study ; 
and in order to this, instead of the usual committees for 
an annual examination, it is proposed that several com- 
mittees be appointed by the Board of Overseers, of per- 
sons conversant with the particular studies, either frorai 
their own body, or the community at large, and that the 
Committee be requested to mark by numbers their esti- 
mate of the relative merit of the students as it appears 
on the examination, which estimate shall be taken into 
consideration in forming the next scale of merit. The 
Committee are also to state in their report to this Board 
their opinion of the thoroughness and exactness with 
which the book or branch of study has been learned, and 
to mention by name those students who have distinguish- 
ed themselves by the excellence of their performance. 
This mode of examination is obviously superior to that 
now in use ; and as it is recommended by the Immedi- 
ate Government, the Committee cannot buf deem it 
worthy of trial. 

10. The Students are to have the option of boarding 
in Commons or not, but not to be permitted to board in 
any house which is not expressly licensed by the Gov- 
ernment. 

11. The necessary expenses of education are to be 
diminished by reducing the estimate of the College bills 
from two hundred and thirty-four dollars to one hundred 
and seventy- five dollars per annum, for foreign students, 
and from two hundred and twenty-eight dollars to one 
hundred and sixty-nine dollars, for home students. This 
change is principally effected b^ lowering the price of 
board in Commons from ^2.50 to ^1.75 per week. 

.2 



X REPORT. 

The expense of wood, however, for which the sum 
of twenty dollars was allowed in the former estimates, is 
not included in the present, the occupants of each room 
being charged with the quantity actually consumed by 
them, which varies with their habits of economy. 

The Committee have no further remark to make on 
these various provisions, than that with the modification 
above mentioned, they approve them all ; some as obvi- 
ously and unquestionably improvements, and some as 
proper subjects of experiment. 

It does not seem necessary at this time to consider 
their application and effect more minutely, as it is to be 
expected that those which are not entirely disapproved 
by this Board, will, after undergoing such modifications 
as the Corporation may think fit, be again presented to 
it for its ratification. 

The industry of the Immediate Government has left 
little to be done by the Committee, who have only two 
additional regulations for the government of the Stu- 
dents to propose, which are now submitted to the con- 
sideration of the Board. 

1. That the practice of permitting all the Students 
to leave Cambridge on Saturday by a standing rule, be 
discontinued, and that Lectures or other exercises be 
assigned on the afternoon of that day as on others. 

2. That in subdividing the classes for the conven- 
ience of recitation in any department, regard be had to 
the proficiency of the students in that department, and 
that each subdivision be carried forward as fast as can 
be done consistently with a thorough knowledge of the 
subjects of their studies. 

Having thus performed the various duties assigned 
them with regard to the internal regulations of the Uni- 



REPORT. XI 

versity, the Committee are fmther induced by a deep 
sense of the importance of making this Board an active 
and efficient agent in the concerns of the College, to 
recommend the adoption of certain rules for the govern- 
ment of its proceedings, which are designed to enable the 
Overseers to exert with intelligence and efficiency that 
control over the Institution, which, by the Constitution 
and Laws of this Commonwealth, it is at once their 
right and their duty to exercise. In order that the ope- 
ration of the rules proposed may be distinctly under- 
stood, it may be expedient to state some of the regula- 
tions already established. 

It is provided by a standing vote of the Overseers, 
that besides the meeting on Commencement day, there 
shall be two meetings of this Board at Cambridge an- 
nually, one on the first Tuesday in May, and the other 
on the fourth Tuesday in October. At these meetings 
the Record of the proceedings since the last stated meet- 
ing is read, and at each a Committee is appointed to 
examine the University, to inquire into its state, and as- 
certain what may tend to increase its reputation and use- 
fulness. This Committee attend an exhibition at Cam- 
bridge, confer with the Instructers, and receive a written 
Report on the State of the College from the Immediate 
Government, which is submitted, together with their 
own Report, to this Board, at the next stated meeting. 
At the meeting in May, Committees are also appointed 
to examine the several classes, a Committee to join a 
Committee of the Corporation to examine the Library, 
Philosophical Apparatus, Medical Rooms, Cabinet, and 
Museum, and a Committee to examine the Treasurer's 
accounts ; all which Committees are required to make 
written reports at the next stated meeting of the Board 



^u REPORT. 

TJiese rules were originally designed and are well 
adapted to render the Overseers thoroughly acquainted 
with the condition, interests, and wants of the College ; 
but their successful operation has been prevented by the 
circumstance that the semiannual meetings are holden at 
times when it is inconvenient, if not impracticable, for a 
majority of the members to be present. For the pur- 
pose of obviating this difficulty, and giving complete ef- 
fect to the regulations above mentioned, the Committee 
recommend the adoption of the following standing rules. 

Ordered I. That the semiannual meetings of this 
Board shall hereafter be holden in Boston, on the second 
Thursday of each of the regular sessions of the Legisla- 
ture, and, with the permission of the Senate, in the Sen- 
ate Chamber. 

Ordered II. That in addition to the reports now re- 
quired, there shall be laid before the Board at its meet- 
ing in January, a statement of the expenses of the in- 
stitution during the preceding College year, and an es- 
timate of its expenses for the next year. 

Ordered III. That no election of a Member of this 
Board shall be made, nor shall the appointment of any 
Member of the Corporation, or of a permanent Professor, 
be ratified by this Board, excepting at a meeting holden 
in Boston, during some session of the Legislature. 

All which is respectfully submitted. 

By order of the Committee, 

JOHN LOWELL, Chairman. 



HARVARD COLLEGE, DEC. 6, 1824, 



To John Lowell, Esq. 
Chairman of the Committee of the Overseers. 



I duly received your communication in behalf of the 
Committee of the Overseers addressed to the Corporation, re- 
questing an account of the Property of the University, its sources, 
and its application ; and also a view of the Foundations and Statutes 
of Professorships, so far as to show what duties are or may be 
required of each Professor, and under what conditions and en- 
gagements he receives his compensation. 

The Corporation took great pleasure in complying with this 
call of the Overseers by their Committee, and instructed the 
President and Treasurer to give the information desired in the 
fullest manner in their power. 

In regard to the object first mentioned, viz. the Funds and Ap- 
propriations, the Treasurer's Statement, No. I., it is presumed, 
will meet the wishes of the Committee. 

In relation to the second head of inquiry, I transmit. No. II., 
copies of Wills and Statutes of Founders, and of Statutes and 
Rules of the University, accompanied by such historical and ex- 
planatory remarks as seemed requisite, and followed by a general 
view of the duties performed by the Professors in pursuance of 
the conditions of their respective foundations, with the names of 
past and present incumbents, and the date of their appointment 
to office and retirement from it. I have subjoined notices res- 
pecting the duties and tenure of office of the other persons con- 
cerned in instruction or government, not placed on permanent foun- 
dations, and cited several general regulations appertaining to all the 
officers. Further details as to the duties of the Professors and the 
Instructers, particularly the number and order of lessons, exercises, 
and lectures, and the time they occupy, may be seen in the An- 
swers to the Questions 6 and 7, No. III., and in the Appendix to 
that document, marked (B.) 

The Officers of the University composing the Immediate Gov- 
ernment of the institution, were honoured with your letter of 



XIV LETTER OF THE PRESIDENT. 

Oct. 16, accompanied by a series of Questions, which they were 
requested to answer. They forthwith appointed a Committee to 
prepare and report for the consideration of the Board replies 
as full as the time might admit. The Answers herewith com- 
municated, No. III., have been submitted to the members of the 
Immediate Government at several meetings ; and have been ap- 
proved by them as containing the facts within their knowledge, and 
expressing their general views, relative to the subjects proposed. 

No. IV., the last of the documents herewith transmitted, is a 
revised Code of the College Laws. This, having been prepared 
at the instance of the Corporation, was laid before that Board, and 
after a few alterations and additions, passed again under the con- 
sideration of the Immediate Government. It is presented as 
being approved in all its important features by the Corpora- 
tion, though not definitively acted on by that Body. In revising 
this Code the Government have forborne to introduce changes, 
on the expediency of which the Instructers were not generally 
prepared to express a decided opinion. If the Code in its present 
form shall go into effect, the provisions of law 3, Chap. I. and 
law 2, Chap. IV. will require the Immediate Government to di- 
rect their attention to other measures for the improvement of the 
system of instruction and discipline. 

Respectfully submitted in behalf of the Corporation and Im- 
mediate Government, by 

JOHN T. KIRKLAND, President. 



No. I. 
STATEMENT OF THE TREASURER 

OP 

HARVABD COXiEiEeE. 



BOSTON, Dec. ll, 1824. 

Sir, 

The accompanying Abstracts will, I hope, meet the inquiries 
proposed by the Committee of the Board of Overseers relative to 
the funds of the University, its expenditure, and income. 

Schedule (A) states the salaries and emoluments of all the officers 
of ihe University for the current year, commencing July 1st. 

(6j is an Abstract of the Appropriations or the sums payable on the 
appropriations for the same year, reckoning interest at six per cent, 
per annum, on the appropriations on interest, and the rents and an- 
nuities of that character as they actually stand. 

(C) is an exhibit of the same appropriations in another form, being 
an arrangement of them under distinct heads. 

(D) is a view of the estimated expenditures for the year, including 
of course, the amounts in Schedule (A) and (B), with other necessary 
disbursements. 

(E) is an estimate of Income. 

(F) brings the materials of the respective Abstracts into one gen- 
eral account. 

For the purpose of presenting an exact view of the appropriations, 
as also to make a just mention of the honoured names of College 
benefactors, a note is added in reference to Schedule (B), exhibiting 
the ingredients of two general accounts in the Abstract of Appropri- 
ations. There will thus be found, it is presumed, as full information 
on the several heads of inquiry as may be desired. The amount 
stated for Repairs and Occasional Expenses is the result of an average 
of these accounts for thirteen years, and may be considered as a fair 
estimate of what will probably be annually required for these pur- 
poses. Some reductions may be effected, but it is not probable that 
there can be any considerable diminution in the expenditures includ- 
ed under these heads. It will be observed, that the amount estimat- 
ed for these objects is the balance payable by the University, after 
deducting the assessments on the students for Repairs and Occasional 
Expenses. 

The sums stated as accruing from assessments are derived from 
the accounts of the University for the four last quarters, and the 
amount will, of course, be reduced by any diminution of the number 
of Students. It should be considered also, that it is difficult to make 
satisfactory investments at six per cent. ; and when the sums now on 
loan at that rate shall be repaid, v/e cannot expect to make eligible 
reinvestments, probably at a higher rate than five per cent, per an- 
num. From these considerations there is reason to apprehend, that 
instead of the small balance appearing to the credit of the University 
in the general account of Income and Expenditure, there may be a 
real deficit, on the present scale of expenditure. The Corporation 



4 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [L 

have directed their attention with solicitude to this subject. Among 
other views, suggested by the pecuniary state of the Institution, the 
rate of interest on the appropriations cannot escape consideration. 
It would seem not reasonable to expect, that the University, in refer- 
ence to those trusts, should continue to allow a higher rate of interest 
than accrues on an average from its investments. A just and proper 
arrangement, in this particular, may be expected, producing a reduc- 
tion of interest, in instances wherein it will not militate with special 
agreements or conditions attending any of the legacies or donations. 

The Committee will observe, that the account of income exhibits 
all the productive property of the University. There is a large 
amount of property in lands, library, and apparatus, from which no 
income is derived. Property of this description does not appear on 
the Treasury books, excepting that disbursements on their account 
are passed to the debit of occasional expenses, and under that account 
or some other are finally carried to the account of Profit and Loss» 
There are also about twenty-seven thousand acres of land in the State 
of Maine, given by the late Samuel Parkman, Esq. for the " support of 
a Professor of Theology," principally for the instruction of Graduates, 
and some other unsettled lands of small value in the same state, parts 
of old grants or reservations, which are directed to be sold as accept- 
able offers may present. 

Should any additional explanations or exhibits be thought neces- 
sary, for the purposes of the Committee, they will be furnished on 
request. 

I remain, sir, respectfully 

Your obedient servant, 

J, DAVIS, Treas. Ear, Col 
John Lowell, Esq. 

Chairman of a Committee of the 

Overseers of Harvard College. 



(A) 

Salaries of the Officers of Harvard University. 



Estimate for the College year^ commencing 1 July, A. D. 1824. 

Rev. John T. Kirkland, LL. D. President, 

Salary $2250 Grant 300 - - - |2550 
Income of Rev. T. Colton^s legacy - 8 40 



2558 40 



In addition, fee for Degrees, from candidates for de- 
gree of A. B. and A. M. ; also use of President's 
house and appurtenances. 
Rev. Henry Ware, D. D. HoUis Professor of Divinity, 

Salary $1500 

Grant 200 

As Registrar - - - - 150 
Chapel Services - - - 150 

Income of Mason Legacy, average 23 



2023 00 



Hon. Isaac Parker, LL. D. Royall Professor of Law 400 

Levi Hedge, LL. D. College Professor of Logick and 
Metaphysicks, 

Salary 1500 

Grant 200 

As Inspector of College buildings 150 



1850 

Rev. John S. Popkin, College Professor of Greek, 

Salary $1500. Grant $200 - - IfOO 

Hon. Asahel Stearns, A. M. University Professor of Law, 
no salary, $100 per annum from each Student, 
average annual amount about - - - _ 870 



$9401 40 



6 tJOLLKGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. 

(A) continued. 

Amount brought over $9401 40 
Sidney Willrird, A.M. Hancock Prof, of Hebrew and other 

Oriental Languages. Salary .flTjOO. Grant $200 1700 
John Farrar, A. M. Hollis Professor of Mathematicks and 

Nat. Phil. Salary $1500. Grant $200 - - 1700 
Andrews Norton, A. M. Dexter Professor of Sacred Lit- 
erature. Salary ------- 1040 

George Ticknor, A. M. Smith Prof, of French and Span- 
ish Languages and Literature and Prof, of Belles 

Lettres. Salary 1000 

Edward T. Channiiig, A. M. Boylston Prof, of Rhetorick 

and Oratory. Salary and Grant - _ - 170O 
Rev. Edward Everett, A. M. P. D. Eliot Prof, of Greek 

Literature. Salary and Grant - - - - 17OO 

Charles Folsom, A. M. Librarian. Salary - - 300 

Rev. George Otis, A. M. Tutor in Latin - - - 800 
James Hay ward, A. M. Tutor in Mathemat. and Nat. Phil. 800 

John Fcssenden, A. M. Regent - - - - 240 

Two Proctors at $150 each 300 

John Porter, A. M. Assistant Librarian - - - 300 

Francis Sales, lustructer in French and Spanish - 1000 



21981 40 



Medical Professors, 8fc. 

.tames Jackson M. D. Hersey Prof, of Theo. and 
Prac. of Physick . - - - 500 

John C. Warren M. D. Hersey Prof, of Anatomy 

and Surgery 700 

John Gorham, M. D. Erving Prof, of Chem- 
istry 200 

Jacob Bigelow, Rumford Prof, and Prof, of Mat. 

Med. 1009 76 

John W. Webster, Lecturer on Chemistry and 

Mineralog}^, and expenditures - - 800 

John Davis, Treasurer. Salary - - 720 

Allowance from Hollis appropriation for 

Professor, Tutors, &c. - - - 31 20 

From Sarah Winslow's Donation - - 6 84 



Stephen Higginson, Jr. Esq. Steward, 

Salary 1250 

Commissions on Wood, annual average 250 



3209 76 



758 04 



1500 

$27449 20 



I.J COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. 7 

(A) continued. 

Amount brought over $27449 20 

Rev. J. Pierce, D. D. Secretary of Overseers - - 60 

Extra instruction, say 500 

Janitor, wages and board ----- 2/5 

Gallery money. Rev. Dr. Holmes _ - - - yo 



$28354 20 



This schedule comprehends all the College Officers, excepting 
Monitors and University Freshmen, included in the account of Occa- 
sional Expenses, the annual average of which will be given in an- 
other paper. Mr. Nuttall's salary as Curator of the Botanic Garden 
and Lecturer, is paid from the funds of that Institution. His salary 
is $500 per annum. 

For Schedule of Appropriations applicable to payment of the above, 
see the other side. 



8 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. 

(A) continued. 

Income of Appropriations applicable to payment of 

Salaries, 

From Fund for Permanent Tutors, half Prof. 

Hedge's Salary $850 00 

From appropriation for Professors and Tutors, 

and Treasurer. Income of sundry legacies 735 60 

Nicholas Boylston's Legacy for Professorship of 

Oratory. Income - - - - l6l928 

Cotton Legacy for President - - - 8 40 

Royall Legacy, part to Prof. Parker $400 
Balance for Medical School - 45 40 



445 40 

Other Medical legacies - - - - 1185 63 

From Dexter Legacy, part of Prof. 

Norton's Salary - - - $300 00 

From Theological Institution - - 740 



1040 00 



A. Smith's Legacy, 

To Professor Ticknor - - $1000 
Balance to Mr. Sales - - - 418 56 

1418 56 

Eliot Legacy. Professor Everett - - 1200 
Rumford Legacy. Income to Professor Bigelow 1009 76 
From S Winslow's Donation for the Treasurer 6 84 
Income of Jonathan Mason's Legacy, to Rev. 

Prof. Ware 23 

From Penoyer Fund for Assistant Librarian 100 

Flynt's Legacy, Tutors - - - - -18 66 



9661 13 
Balance payable from other funds .- - 18693 07 



$28354 20 
J. DAVIS, Treas. Har. Col 



I.] COLLEGE TREASURER'S STATEMENT. B 



(B) 

Appropriations which the funds and receipts of Har^ 
vard College are to satisfy for the College year^ 
commencing 1 July, 1824. 

No. 

1 Fund for Permanent Tutors from the annuity of West 

Boston Bridge, and interest ^520 94 

2 Appropriations for Professors and Treasurer [sundry 

ancient legacies consolidated] - - _ _ 735 60 

3 Exhibitions [a consolidated account from several 

small legacies] __--.«. 

4 Dorchester lands, [sold and invested] - - - 

5 Joanna Alford's legacy. [Income for indigent schol- 

ars] -------- 

6 Nicholas Boylston's legacy [for Professorship of 

Oratory -------- 

7 James Bowdoin's legacy, [prizes for composition] 

8 Rev. Thomas Cotton, Do. [to the President] 

9 Paul Dudley's legacy, [annual lecture] - - - 

10 Henry Flynt's legacy, [Tutors] - - - - 

11 Edward Hopkins' donation, [books to deserving 

scholars] -------- 

12 Thomas HoUis' legacy [for library] - - - 

13 Thomas Hollis' donation [for indigent scholars] 

14 Jonathan Mason's legacy, [Professor of Divinity] 

15 Isaac RoyalPs legacy, [Law Professor and Medical 

Professorships] ------ 

16 Mary SaltonstalPs legacy, [indigent scholars] 

17 Samuel Shapleigh's legacy, [library] - - - 

18 Rev. Daniel Williams' legacy, [Indian Missionaries] 

19 Mary Lindall's legacy, [indigent scholars] 

20 Samuel Eliot's legacy, [Professorship of Greek Lan- 

guage and Literature] - - - - - 

21 John Alford's legacy, [Prof, of Natural Religion and 

Ethicks] - - - - - 

22 Nathaniel Hollis' legacy, [indigent scholars] - 

23 William Penoyer's legacy, [Penoyer Fellows and 

Scholars] - - - - - 150 20 

24 Narraganset Farm, [proceeds of wood sold, income 

to scholars] ----- 86 05 

25 Senior's Exhibition, [from gift of $1200 by an un- 

known benefactor] - - - - 72 00 



381 


00 


54 


rs 


. 30 




1619 


28 


150 




8 


40 


26 


66 


18 


66 


13 


34 


180 




160 


80 


23 




445 


40 


156 




180 




780 




20 




1200 




1445 




23 


40 



Amount carried over - .f 8480 46 



1009 


76r 


2400 




350 




100 




200 




218 


3& 


477 


12 


100 




90 


15 


33 





10 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [L 

(B) continued. 

Amount brought over $8480 46 

26 Abiel Smith's legacy, [Professor of French and Span- 

ish Languages] - . _ _ 141 g 55 

27 Count Rumford's legacy, [Rumford Professorship on 

the Arts, &c.] - _ _ _ 

28 Theological Institution [for Theological Education] 

29 Samuel Dexter's legacy, [Biblical Criticism and Lite- 

rature] _ - . - _ 

30 John Cumming's legacy, [Professor of Physick] 

31 William Erving's legacy, [Chemical Pr(.>fessorship] 

32 Sarah Derby's legacy, [Professor of Physick] 

33 Ezekiel Hersey's legacy, [Professor of Anatomy] 

34 Abner Hersey's legacy, [Professor of Physick and 

Surgery] - . . _ _ 

35 Esther Sprague's legacy, [Professor of Physick] 

36 Ward N. Boylston's donation - - _ 

37 Ward N. Boylston's Fund [for Anatomical Museum, &c.] 195 

38 Panorama of Athens, [from Professor Everett's lec- 

ture in Boston] - - - - 18 71 

39 Sarah Winslow's donation, [in trust for Tyngsborough 

minister and school, and $6 84 to the Treasurer] 273 50 

|15364 62 
The above are sUch appropriations as the interest 
account is chargeable with. Add other appropria- 
tions from rents, annuities, and other receipts esti- 
mated as follows, viz : 

40 Rent of Dorchester marsh, [indigent schol- 

ars] - - - - f 10 

41 Do. Narraganset farm, [indigent scholars] 140 

42 Do. of Estate in Newburyport, [devise of T. 

Cary, Theological Institution] - 40 

43 Ward N. Boylston's annuity, [Medical Prizes] 100 

44 Ward N. Boylston's annuity [for Elocution] 60 

45 Nudigates annuity, [indigent scholars] 16 66 

46 Annuity from West Boston Bridge, [for Per- 

manent Tutors] - - - 666 66 

47 From E. Hopkins' trust [for books to scholars] 70 

48 Penoyer rent from England, [2 Fellows, 

2 Scholars] - - - - 249 80 

49 E. Hopkins' trust [for Theological Students] 700 

50 Subscribers to the Theological Institution, 

estimate of annual receipts - - 250 

2303 12 



Total amount - - ^17667 74 



I.] COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. ll 



Note to Abstract (B.) 

No. 2. The Appropriations for Professors , 8fc. is an aggregate ac* 
count, raised by Treasurer Storer, including several legacies and 
donations for the objects expressed in the account, viz. 

For Professor of Divinity, 

James Townshend's legacy, 1738 - 

Thomas Hutchinson's legacy, 1739 - - - 

Half of Thomas Hollis' donation for Professors of Di- 
vinity and Mathematicks _ - _ _ 

Half of D. Henchman's donation, 1742 and 1758, for 
the same objects ------- 

Half of William Dummer's legacy for the same objects, 
1761 - - - 

^1104 13 
For Professor of Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy. 
William Brattle's legacy - - - .£156 
Half of Hollis and Henchman's donations, 

and of Dummer legacy, above mentioned 914 13 4 



£120 00 





- 70 




782 




66 




6G 13 


4 



1070 13 4 



For Professor of Oriental Languages. 
Stephen Se wall's legacy, 1762 - - £13 6 

Thomas Hancock's legacy, 1764 - - 1333 6 



■1346 13 4 



For the Treasurer. 
Thomas Hollis' donation - - - 156 



Equal to $12,260. £3678 

Annual amount of interest as in Abstract (B) $7^^ 60. 
Mr. Hollis' various donations were between 1719 and 1726. 

No 3, in the same abstract, entitled Exhibitions, is also a consoli- 
dated account of early standing, and is composed of sundry legacies 
and donations for the aid of indigent and meritorous students, with 
an addition from West Boston Bridge Annuity, viz. 



12 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. 

Note to Abstract (B), continued. 

1650 Robert Ke}/ lie's legacy 
From Do. lands sold 

1687 William Browne's legacy 
17O8 Benjamin Browne's Do. 

1716 Major William Browne's Do. 

1717 Rev. William Brattle's Do. - 
1720 Samuel Browne's Do. 

1722 Henry Gibbs' Do. 

1723 Ephraim Flynt's Do. 

1724 Samuel Danforth, lands sold in 1764 

1725 Ann Mill's legacy - - - 
1733 Dorothy Saltonstall's Do. 

1736 Thomas Fitch's Do. - 

1737 President Wadsworth's Do. 
1737 John Eliery's Do. 

1743 President Holj^oke's donation, and legacy in 1769 

1760 Henry Flynt's legacy 

1765 Rev. Dr. Sewail's donation 

1771 Rev. Dr. Appleton's Do. 

1785 His legacy 



Equal to - - - #5016 66 £1505 

Two years' annuity from West Boston, 

Bridge added May 1796 - 1333 34 



c£lOO 




160 






260 


- 


100 


- 


200 


- 


66 


• 


166 10 


_ 


162 


- 


46 10 


- 


45 


. 


100 


. 


21 


. 


69 


» 


75 


- 


27 




40 


n 1769 


36 


- 


15 


_ 


20 


^30 




26 






56 



Amount of the fund - - #6350 00 

Annual interest as in the Abstract of Appropriations #381. 

No. 12. Thomas Hoilis^ legacy for library refers to a legacy given 
by Thomas Hoi is, the younger, of Lincoln's Inn, w^ho died in 1774. 
The sum bequeathed was c^'500 sterling, and was received by Mr. 
Treasurer Storer, in November 1781. In April 1805, $777 78, 
unexpended interest, was added to the capital, making the amount 
#3000, as it now is. Annual interest as in the Schedule, #180. 

The several legacies and donations, of a date earlier than 1750, 
formerly stood at a knver estivnate in the College books, than is ex- 
pressed in this specification, and below their original value. In 
1791, they were raised to their true value determined by the price 
of silver at the time when they weie given, for which purpose Mr. 
Treasurer Storer, assisted by President W iliard, made an accurate 
calculation, which was approved and adopted by the Corporation. 
'Ihe sums above stated and other legacies and donations, accruing in 
times subjecting them to the reduced estimate which had been made, 
all now stand according to the calculation made in 1791, which 
gives their true value. 



I.] COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT* 13 

(C) 

An analysis of the Appropriations exhibiting the sev- 
eral objects in a collected vieiv. 

(a) Applied to the payment of Salaries and compensations 

of College Officer s^ 
No. 

1 $520 94, and part of No. 46, |329 06 - 

2 Appropriations for Professors, &c. - 
6 Eoylston legacy - - - _ 
8 Cotton Do. 

10 Flynt Do. _ - - * _ 

14 Mason Do. 

15 Rovall Do. 

20 Elot Do. 

23 Penoyer [to Assistant Librarian] 

26 Smith legacy 

27 Rumford Do. 

28 Theological Institution - . - 

29 Dexter legacy - - 

30 Cummings Do. - - - - - 

31 Erving Do. - - - _ _ 

32 Derby Do - 

S3 E. Hersey Do. 

34 A. Hersey Do. . - - - « 

35 E. Sprague Do. - - - - 
49 S. Winslow's donation for Treasurer 

(b) Exhibitions, or alloicances to indigent and 

merito7'ious scholars, according to the 
terms of the bequests or donations. 

3 Exhibitions, [income of sundry legacies] 

4 Dorchester lands _ - _ _ 

5 Joanna Alford's donation - - - 
13 T. Hollis' .ionation - - - - 

16 M. Saltonstall's legacy, [in part] 

19 M. Lindall Do. 

12 N. Hollis' legacy 

24 Narraganset farm from notes 

25 Seniors' exhibition - - - - 

40 Dorchester marsh - - _ _ 

41 Rent of Narraganset farm - - . 
45 Nudigates annuity - - - . 
48 Penoyer rent . - _ - _ 
23 Balance, deducting amount from this fund 

given to Assistant Librarian 



Amount carried over ^10961 77 



$850 


00 


7S5 


60 


1619 28 


8 


40 


18 


Q>6 


23 




445 


40 


1200 




100 




1418 


56 


1009 7^ 


740 




300 




100 




200 




218 


S6 


477 12 


100 




90 


15 


6 


84 




— 9661 13 


$381 


00 > 


54 73 


30 




160 


80 


106 




20 




23 


40 


86 05 


72 




10 




140 


i^ 


16 m 


149 


80 


50 


20 




___ 1 ^C\C\ f.A 




^— loUU 04 



14 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. 

(C) continued. 

Amount brought over $10961 1(7 

(c) Books to Undergraduates (called Deturs) 

No. 11, f 13 34. No.4r, |70 - - - 83 34 

(d) Prizes for Medical Essays, No. 43 - f 100 

For Elocution, No. 44 - - 60 

For Composition, No. 7 - - 150 



(e) Library. No. 12. Hollis legacy - - $180 
17- Shapleigh legacy - 180 



310 
360 00 



(f) Dexter legacy for Biblical Criticism, No. 29, 

deducting $300 toward Professor Norton's 

salary ----._ 50 

(g) Anatomical Museum, &c. 

No. 37. Interest of the fund - $195 

33. Annually carried to this account S3 

228 

C^J Panorama of Athens, No. 38 - - - 18 71 

(i) Dudleian lecture, No. 9 . . - 26 66 

(k) Theological Institution, No. 28 - 2400 

Deduct for Theological School 400 

Towards Professor Norton's salary 740 

For Books for Theological School 150 



1290 



1110 
Add No. 42, rent Newburyport estate 40 



1150 00 

(T) Fund for Permanent Tutors, balance No. 46 - 337 60 

(m) Alford legacy. Prof, of Nat. Religion, &c. 
an accumulation to principal [Professor- 
ship vacant] - - _ _ 1445 

(n) Theological School, 

From No. 28 for Students - - $400 
From Do. for books - - - 150 

No. 49, from Hopkins trust - - 700 
From No. 48, Penoyer fund - 100 

No. 50, collections per estimate -^ 250 

No. 16, balance - - - - 50 

165Q 

(0) Sarah Winslow's donation - - - 273 50 
Deduct for Treasurer - - - 6 84 



266 m 



Half balance to Tyngsborough minister ^ _^^ ^^ 

Half Do. to Tyngsborough school 5 ' " ^^^ ^^ 

Amount carried up $16887 74 



I.] COLLEGE treasurers' STATEMENT. 15 

(C) continued. 

Amount brought up $1688/ 74 

(p) Rev. Daniel Williams' legacy. 

To Rev. P. Fish, missionary at Marshpee $520 
To Rev. F. Baylies, missionary and school- , 

master, Martha'3 Vineyard - - 260 

780 

$i7m 74 



16 COLLEGE TREASURER*S STATEMENT. [I. 

(D) 

Estimate of Expenditures of Harvard College for 
College year^ commencing 1 July^ 1824. 

To satisfy appropriations, as per schedules 

(B)and(C) $17667 7^ 

To salaries and compensations of College 

Officers, as per schedule (A) - $28354 20 

Deduct appropriations applicable to that 

account, as per abstract (C) (a) - 966l 13 



To repairs, annual average of 13 years 
To occasional expenses, Do. of 13 years 
Mrs. Williams' dower, estate in Cambridge 
Allowance to Botanick Garden - - - 

Theological School, as by President's esti- 
mate, viz. 12 Students, $130 each 
Books for Do. . - - . 



1710 

Deduct appropriations to these objects, 

as per schedule (C) (w) - - - 1650 



2818 


27 


2167 


28 


60 




200 




1560 




150 





- 18693 07 



5245 5§ 



Deficit 
Allowances to indigent Students — a substi- 
tute for waitershipsy as by President's 
estimate - - - - - 1000 00 

When the price of tuition was raised in 1811, 
25 per cent., it was provided, that allow- 
ances should be made to assist indigent 
Students equivalent, or nearly equivalent, 
to the addition, which the annuity from 
the Commonwealth enabled the College 
to afford ; to meet this object would re- 
quire per annum, as by President's es- 
timate, about _ - _ _ 750 00 



1750 00 



Hare's Deflagrator to be purchased for chem- 
ical apparatus - - - - - - - 150 

Other expenses for library and apparatus, 

estimated at------- 500 



$44066 36 



L] COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. 17 

(E) 

Estimate of Income of Harvard College for the year 
commencing July 1, 1824. 

Interest on 7 per cent, stock, capital $33630, 

interest |2354 10 

On 6 per cent. Do. $63637 90^, int. 3818 27 

6172 37 
This estimate has reference to the state of 
the College funds on July 1, last. The 
7 per cent, stock has been since that 
time reimbursed in part, and in part sold ; 
the proceeds invested at 5 per cent. 
Deduct therefore from the above inter- 
est 2 per cent, on amount of 7 per cent, 
stock* 672 60 



5499 77 



Add interest on cash on hand $3003 67, 

on 1 July, since invested at 5 per cent. 150 18 

jnterest on $9 08 advance, received for 



part of ] 


r per cent, stock sold 


54 






Bank Stock.- 


—New England Bank 


|20000 00 




State Bank 


1200 




Boston Bank 


11625 




Union Bank 


400 




Massachusetts Bank 


- 9750 



49 



>75 00 
Dividends estimated at 5 per cent. . - - 2148 75 
Bonds and Notes on 1 July - - $114258 01 

Deduct doubtful notes on which interest is 
not expected, viz. Cambridge and Con- 
cord turnpike - - $2596 93 
Other notes - - - - 6lO 



At 5 per cent. $10400, interest 520 
At 6 per cent. $100651 08 6039 06 



3206 93 
111051 08 



18 West Boston Bridge shares, dividends es- 
timated at ---_... 45Q 
2 shares in Charles River Bridge, Do Do. - - 250 
1 Middlesex Canal share. Do. Do. _ - . . 10 



6559 06 



Amount from stocks, bonds, and notes - $15068 30 
* See note at the end of Abstract (E). 



18 COLLEGE TUEASURER's STATEMENT. [I. 

(E) continued. 

Amount brought over - $15068 30 
Rents unappropriated, exclusive of College 
rents assessed on scholars. 
Hayward pasture, Watertown - $60 

Coggan's marsh, Chelsea - - - 70 



Waltham Farm, called Rogers' Farm 200 
Pew in Waltham meeting-house - 9 



130 00 



209 



Ward's Island, near Hingham - - - 50 

Estate in Cornhill, Boston, house - 550 

2 Shops, $400 each - - - - 800 

House (same lot) in Devonshire street 300 



Houses in Cambridge, viz. 

No. 1, tenant Mr. Dana - - l60 

Manning House, Stimpson - - 180 
Danforth House, Reed and King 90 

-Kidder House, Dana and Goodnow 120 
Wigglesworth House, Spaulding 240 

Lee House, Patten - - -75 

Boardman House, Plympton - 224 
Sewall House, Prof. Hedge - - l60 
Janitor's House, Picket - - 35 
Printing Office, Hilliard and Metcalf 287 



160O 



#i5ri 

College Pasture, Stearns, &c. $50 
Pound Lot, Rev. Dr. Holmes 20 

— 70 

1641 

Income of Wharf in Cambridge, esti- 
mated at ----- 80 

Income from real estate 3710 00 

Sundry Annuities and Miscellaneous receipts, viz. 
Glover's annuity from estate in Boston 
Annuity from Charles River Bridge 
College Sloop, earnings estimated 
Printing Establishment, 6 per cent, on 

capital - - - - - 
Fees for Degrees - - - - 
Admissions to advanced standing 



Amount carried up $21221 62 



16 66 






666 66 






180 






300 






280 






1000 








2443 


32 



I.] GOLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. 19 

(E) continued. 

Amount brought up - |21221 62 
Sundry appropriated rents and annuities speci- 
fied in schedule (B), from No. 40 to 50, in- 
clusively. Amount ----- 2303 12 
Assessments on Scholars, viz. 

College rents 2549 75 

for Steward and Commons establishment, 

exclusive of board - - - 2921 66 

Steward's commission on Wood, added to 

the price 250 00 

For Instruction and Librarian - - 15710 

21431 41 



Total amount of Income - - ^44956 15 

Note. Interest v/as received on the 7 per cent Stock, to October 1st. The reduction 
of income, therefore, from the extinction of that Stock, and an investment of the proceeds 
at 5 per cent, per annum, is, for the present College year, ^168 15 less than the sum 
Baentioned in the estimate. That sura, $672 60, expresses the actual annual diminutioa 
frova the first day of October last. 



20 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. 

(F) 

Dr. Account of Income and Expenditure of Harvard 

To the Appropriations, as per Abstracts (B) and (C) $17667 74 



To Balance 



5857 



To amount of salaries and compensation of College 
Officers beyond the appropriations applicable to 
that account, as per abstracts (A) and (D) - 
To annual average of Repairs - - - 
To Do. Do. Occasional Expenses - - - 
To sum payable Mrs. Williams for dower 
To annual allowance for Botanick Garden - 
To deficit in appropriations for Theological School - 
Allowances to Indigent Students, as per Presi- 
dent's estimate 4' 1000 

Ditto as per Schedule (D) - - - 750 

To Chemical Apparatus . - _ - - 

To Library and Philosophical Apparatus - 



To Balance 



There is the same result from the more sim- 
ple process of deducting from the amount 
of Abstract (E) the income - - $44956 15 

The amount of Abstract (D), the expendi- 
tures ..---- 44066 36 



$23524 


74 


18693 


07 


2818 


27 


2167 


28 


60 




200 




60 




1750 




- 150 




500 




$26393 


62 


889 


79 


$27288 


41 



$889 79 



I.] COLLEGE treasurers' STATEMENT. 21 



College for the year, commencing July 1, 1824. Cr. 

By interest and dividends on Stocks, Bonds, and Notes, 

as by Abstract (E) |15068 SO 

By rents unappropriated, per same abstract, (p. 18) 3710 

By sundry annuities, &c. unappropriated, same ab- 
stract, (p. 18) 2443 32 

By appropriated rents and annuities, as in same sched- 
ule, (p. 10), and in Abstract (B), particularly spe- 
cified - 2303 12 



|23524 74 



By Balance amount of income from the above sources 

beyond the appropriations - - - - 5857 ®0 

By assessments in quarter bills, viz. 

For rent of College rooms - - $2549 7S 
For Steward and Commons establishment, 

exclusive of board - - _ 2921 66 

By Steward's commission on Wood, added to 

the price 250 

For Instruction and Librarian, including com- 
pensation to Professor Stearns - 15710 



21431 41 



$27288 41 



By Balance, Income beyond the appropriations and 

other expenses estimated - - - , - 894 79 

December 11, 1824. 

J. DAVIS, Treas, Har. Cat 



22 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. 

*^* In the list of College Officers (Abstract (A) ) Walter Channing, 
M. D. Professor of Obstetricks and Medical Jurisprudence, was omit- 
ted. This Professor receives nothing from the College funds ; his 
compensation is from the fees paid by Medical Students in Boston, 
and he performs no services at Cambridge. The same remark is appli- 
cable to Dr. Bigelow in his capacity of Professor of Materia Medica* 
The amount payable to him is wholl}' as Ruraford Professor, and 
from arrangements which may be expected respecting the proceeds 
of Count Rumford's legacy, by a change of investment, the income 
will probably be reduced. 

By the real property, mentioned in the letter to the chairman of 
the Committee, from which no income is derived, it was intended to 
indicate the College Grounds, and the various Edifices, such as Uni- 
versity/ Hall, Harvard Hall, Holden Chapel, and the Medical College 
in Boston ; from which no income is received. 

The estimate of fees for degrees, (p. 18), does not include what is 
payable for the degree of A. M. The number receiving that degree 
is very uncertain, it may be estimated to be between thirty and forty, 
at $5 each to the University, and $5 to the President, the same as 
for the degree of A. B. 

J. D. 



ERRATA. 

Page 5, line 5, far Colton's read Cotton's:. 
■■ — 8j line 6, dele and Tutors. 



No. II. 
FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES 



PlSOrSSSOBSHXPS AND TUTOKSHIPS 



fJ^nvHaVS mnrnvMin* 



[In the following notices of Foundations and Statutes, the testa- 
ments of founders, and the rules and orders by them established, are 
generally cited. When the duties of a Professor are left to be pre- 
scribed by the University, and are consequently subject to variation 
from time to time, those rules only are mentioned which are now in 
force. The articles in the bodies of statutes, relating to the qualifi- 
cations of ihe Professor or Instructer, his responsibility to the Cor- 
poration and Overseers, and his tenure of office, being nearly the same 
in all, are not always extracted.] 



V 



II. 

FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 



HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY. 

Rules, Orders, and Statutes, relating to the Professor of 
Divinity in Harvard College^ at Cambridge^ in New- 
England, 

1. That the Professor be a Master of Arts^ and in 
communion with some Christian Church of one of the 
three denominations, Congregational, Presbyterian, or 
Baptist. 

2. That his province be to instruct the students in the 
several parts of Theology by reading a System of Posi- 
tive and a Course of Controversial Divinity, beginning 
always with a short prayer. 

3. That the said Professor read his private Lectures 
of positive and controversial Divinity so many times in 
the week as shall finish both courses within the term of 
one year. 

4. That the Professor read publickly, once a week/^p- 
on Divinity, either Positive, Controversial, or Cas^sti- 
cal; and as often upon Church History, Critical P^po- 
sition of Scripture, or Jewish Antiquities, as the Torpo- 
ration, with the approbation of the Overseers, shaU^^S^ 
fit, always times of vacation excepted. 

5. That the Professor set apart two or three hours, 
one afternoon in the week, to answer such questions of 
the students who shall apply to him, as refer to the sys- 



4 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

tern or controversies of religion, or laws of conscience^ or 
the seeming contradictions in Scripture. 

6. That the Professor of Divinity, while in the office, 
shall not be a Tutor in any other science, or obliged to 
any other attendance in the College, than the above- 
mentioned publick and private Lectures. 

7. That the Professor read his private Lectures to 
such only as are at least of two years' standing in the 
College. 

8. That, an honourable salary being provided for the 
Professor, it is expected that he require no fee from any 
of the students for their instruction. 

9. That the said Professor be chosen by the Reverend 
President and Fellows of the College, or the major part of 
thera^ for the time being, and be presented by them, w^hen 
chosen^ to the Honourable and Reverend Overseers^ to 
be by them approved and confirmed in his place. 

10. That the said Professor be at all times under the 
inspection of the Reverend President and Fellows and of 
the Honourable and Reverend Overseers for the time^ 
to be by the said President and Fellows, or the major 
part of them, displaced for any just and valuable cause^ 
the Honourable and Reverend Overseers also^ or the 
major part of them, consenting thereunto, but not else. 

11. That the person, chosen from time to time to be a 
Professor, be a man of solid learning in Divinity, of sound 
or orthodox principles, one who is well gifted to teach, of a 
sober and pious life, and of a good conversation. 



\ 



\e Flan or Form for the Professor of Divinity to agree to 
at his Inauguration. 

TKjLt he repeat his oaths to the civil government; that 
he deH^are it as his belief, that the Scriptures of the Old 
and N(iv Testaments are the only perfect rule of faith and 
manners^ and that he promise to explain and open the 
Scriptur^ to his pupils with integrity and faithfulness, 
according to the best light that God shall give him. 
That he promise to promote true piety and godliness by 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 5 

his example and instruction ; that he consult the good of 
the College, and the peace of the Churches of our Lord 
Jesus Christ, on all occasions ; and that he religiously 
observe the Statutes of his Founder, and all such other 
Statutes and Orders, as shall be made by the College^ 
not repugnant thereunto. 

Signed and sealed the tenth day of January, in the 
ninth year of the Reign of King George, l'^22. 

THOMAS HOLLIS. [l. s.] 

Witness^ Jeremiah Hunt, Edward Wallin, John J 
Hollis, Joshua Winslov/, John Osborn, Dan- > 
iel JYeal, William Harris. ) 



December 15th, 1804. It was voted, ^^ That it shall 
be the duty of the Hollis Professor of Divinity to preach, 
and to perform other divine services in the Chapel, be- 
fore the Officers, Graduates, and Undergraduates, on the 
Lord's Day, forenoon and afternoon, whenever the same 
shall be hereafter required by the Corporation and Over- 



seers." 



The following are the Lectures and Exercises of the 
Hollis Professor of Divinity. 

Lectures, — 1. One every week, in term time, on the 
Lord's Day, the course lasting four years, before the 
whole College, on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties, 
of Natural and Revealed Religion ; connected with the 
usual devotional services in public Vvorship. 

" 2. A course of Critical Lectures on the New Testa- 
ment, ascertaining the true, original reading of the same, 
the meaning of different terms and phrases, and explain- 
ing references and allusions to opinions, customs, man- 
ners, &c. contained in this part of the Sacred Scriptures, 
with such illustrations and remarks, as he shall think 
most useful for the instruction of the students." 

3. A course to the Senior Class of theological students 
on Pastoral Duty. 

Private Exercises — in Paley's Evidences with the 
Juniors, and in Butler's Analogy with the Seniors ; on the 
Evidences of Christianity with the Junior Class, and on 



6 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 

Christian Theology with the Middle Class of theological 
students ; also the exercise of the Middle and Senior 
Classes of those students, once a week, in Preaching. 

Hollis Professors of Divinity, 

Inaugurated Died or resigned 

1722 Edward Wigglesworth 1765 

1765 Edward Wigglesworth 1791 

1792 David Tappan 1803 
1805 Henry Ware 



HOLLIS PROFESSOU OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL 
PHILOSOPHY. 

Rides and Orders relating to a Professor of Mathematics 
and of Natural a7id Experimental Philosophy in Harvard 
College in Cambridge in New England, appointed by 
Mr. Thomas Hollis of London, Merchant. 

1. That the Professor be a Master of Arts, and well 
acquainted with the several parts of the Mathematics and 
of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. 

2. That his province be to instruct the students in a 
system of Natural Philosophy, and a course of Ex- 
perimental, in which to be comprehended Pneumat- 
icks, Hydrostaticks, Mechanicks^ Staticks^ Opticks ; and 
in the elements of Geometry^ together with the doctrine of 
Proportions^ the Principles of Algebra, Conick Sections, 
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, with the general prin- 
ciples of Mensurations, Planes and Solids ; in the prin- 
ciples of Astronomy and Geography, viz, the doctrine of 
the Spheres, the use of the Globes, the Motions of the 
Heavenly Bodies according to the different hypotheses of 
Ptolemy, Tycho Brahe, and Copernicus ; with the gen- 
eral principles of Dialling, the division of the world into 
its various kingdoms, with the use of the Maps, &c. 

3. That the Professor shall read once a week, and, 
whenever the Corporation with the approbation of the 
Overseers shall require it, twice a week, (times of vaca- 



n.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 7 

tion excepted) publickly in the hall to all students that 
will attend on such topicks relating to the Sciences of the 
Mathematicks, Natural or Experimental Philosophy, as 
he shall judge most necessary and useful, but always dis- 
tinct or different from his private lectures. 

4. That the said Professor shall read his private lec- 
tures on the several parts of the Mathematics, Natural 
and Experimental Philosophy, so many times in the week 
as to finish each science that he begins within the com- 
pass of a year, and to go through the whole in two years. 
But the course of Philosophical Experiments shall be re- 
peated at least once every year. 

5. That the said Professor while in that office shall 
not be a Tutor in any other science, nor take on him the 
Pastoral office in any church, nor be obliged to any other 
attendance in the College than the above mentioned pub- 
lick and private lectures. 

6. That whereas I have ordered and do appoint a sal- 
ary of eighty pounds per annum to be duly paid to the 
said Professor, he shall be obliged to take no fee or re- 
ward from any of the students that have been or shall be 
on my foundation for the study of Divinity; but for other 
students of the College that desire his instructions, he 
may receive a fee as the Corporation shall direct, with 
the approbation of the Overseers, not exceeding forty 
shillings per annum. 

7. That the Professor shall set apart two or three hours 
in every week to converse with his pupils and endeavour 
to clear such difficulties as lie upon their minds, relating 
to the several parts of the Mathematicks, Natural and Ex- 
perimental Philosophy, of which he is Professor. 

8. That the said Professor shall in all times to come be 
chosen by the Reverend the President and Fellow^s of Har- 
vard College for the time being, and shall be presented 
to the Honourable and Reverend Overseers of the Col- 
lege, to be approved by them, and then shall be jointly 
recommended by them to me for my confirmation during 
my life, and after my decease to such person as I shall 
appoint by my last will under my hand and seal during 
the term of his life ; also, 



8 FOUND A.TIONS AND STATUTES. [11. 

9. That the said Professor shall at all times he under 
the care and inspection of the Reverend the President 
and Fellows of Harvard College, with the Honourable 
and Reverend Overseers of the College for the time being, 
but shall not be displaced by them during his capacity 
for service, except for some just and valuable cause. 

10. Upon the death or removal of a Professor, the Cor- 
poration shall be obliged to fill up the vacancy within 
twelve months ; and in case of default, the nomination 
and choice shall for that time be in the Overseers, to be 
confirmed by me during my life, and by my executor 
after me ; and in case they shall not fill up the vacancy 
in one year more, I then will bequeath and appoint the 
principal and produce of this estate to return to my exec- 
utor. 

11. On the day of Inauguration the Professor shall 
take the oaths to the civil government as appointed by 
the law, in the presence of the Reverend the President 
and Fellows of the College, and the Honourable and 
Reverend Overseers thereof in the publick hall. 

12. At the same time and place, and in the same pres- 
ence, he shall declare himself to be of the Protestant 
reformed religion, as it is now professed and practised 
by the churches in New England, commonly distinguish- 
ed by the name of Congregational, Presbyterian, or Bap- 
tist, and that he will comply with the same. 

13. He shall promise to discharge the trust now repos- 
ed in him with diligence aiKl fidelity, and to the advan- 
tage of the Students; that he will not only endeavour the 
advancement of true learning, but consult the good of the 
College in every other respect ; that he will promote true 
piety and godliness by his own example and encourage- 
ment, and will religiously observe the Statutes of his 
Founder. 

And lastly, I order and appoint ten pounds per annum 
to the Treasurer for the time being, for his care and 
pains in keeping the accounts and drawing out a balance 
every audit day of the College, to be sent to me and 
to my next and immediate successor annually^ the Cor- 



II.J FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 9 

poration being duly notified who the said successor is. 
To ail which orders and appointments, above written, 
being designed and solemnly dedicated and devoted by 
me to the glory of God, by improving the minds of men 
in useful knowledge, I set my hand and seal this eigh- 
teenth day of January, one thousand seven hundred and 
twenty-six. 

THOMAS HOLLIS. [l. s.] 

Signed, sealed, and delivered 
in presence of us, 

Joh?i Hollis^ Joshua Hollisj 
Jtichard Solly y John Williams, 



The instruction in the sciences enumerated in the 
statutes, as coming within the province of the HoUis 
Professor, being the whole of Pure and Mixed Mathe- 
maticks, has been, as far back as the course of study is 
known, divided between him and one or more Tutors.* 

The Lectures and Exercises of the Hollis Professor of 
Mathematicks are as follows, viz. 

Lectures — A course on the Theory and Principles of 
Natural Philosophy and on Experimental Philosophy, to 
the Juniors ; a course on Astronomy to the Seniors. 

Private Exercises, or recitations, with the Seniors in 
Astronomy, and with the Juniors in Trigonometry. 

Hollis Professors of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, 

Inaugurated Died or resigned 

1728 Isaac Greenwood - - - - 1738 

1738 John Winthrop - - - - 1779 

1780 Samuel Williams - - - - 1788 

1789 Samuel Webber - - « - 1806 
1807 John Farrar 

* See Appendix A- 



1© i?OUNDATlONS AND STATUTES. [11. 



HANCOCK PROFESSOR OF HEBREW AND OTHER ORIENTAL 
LANGUAGES. 

Copy of a Legacy left by the late Hon. Thomas Hancock^ 
Esq. of Boston^ in his xvill^ to Harvard College, A, D. 
1765. 

I GIVE unto the President and Fellows of Harvard 
College^ in Cambridge, the sum of one thousand pounds 
sterling, and order that the whole income be applied to 
the support and maintenance of some person, who shall 
be elected by the President and Fellows with the appro- 
bation and consent of the Overseers, to profess and teach 
the Oriental Languages, especially the Hebrew, in said 
College. 

The Professor who shall receive the benefit of the do- 
nation, shall discharge the duties of his profession and 
office in such manner, and according to such rules and 
orders, as shall be appointed and established by the Pres- 
ident and Fell ws, with the consent of the Overseers : 
and previous to his induction into this office, he shall de- 
clare himself to be of the Protestant reformed religion, as 
it is now professed and practised by the churches in New 
England. The said Froiessor shall also be removed from 
his office at the discretion of the President and Fellows, 
and Overseers of said College, for the time being ; inas- 
much as 1 fully rely on their wisdom and integrity, 
that this will never be done without some very good and 
sufficient reason. 

And it is my will, that, as soon as may be after my 
decease, as also after the decease or removal of any Pro- 
fessor upon this foundation, the President and Fellows 
proceed to the choice of some person to this office and 
trust, to be by them presented to the Overseers for their 
approbation and consent. But if the Overseers shall 
apprehend any unreasonable delay in this matter, in that 
case they may proceed by themselves to the appointment 
of a Professor. 



II.] fOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 11 

It is also my will, that all the income of this donation 
during the time the Professorship may he necessarily and 
unavoidably vacant, shall be added to the capital sum, for 
the better support and encouragement of succeeding Pro- 
fessors. 



The instruction of the Hancock Professor, according 
to existing rules and orders, is as follows : — he gives 

Lectures on Universal Grammar to the Juniors ; on 
the Hebrew Scriptures, to the Theological Students. 

Private Exercises^ or recitations, in English Grammar 
with the Freshmen ; in Hebrev^ with the Juniors, with 
the Theological Students^ and with any private class 
that may be formed. 

In the year 1785, it was enacted by the Corporation, 
with the assent of the Overseers, as follows, viz. 

^^ As there may be many of the Students who will have 
a dispensation from attending the private lectures of such 
Professor in the Oriental Languages, which will lighten 
his service ; and as he receives a considerable part of his 
support from the College, the money arising from the 
foundation not being sufficient for the purpose ; he shall 
teach the Students the General Principles of Grammar, 
and shall instruct them in the knowledge of the English 
Grammar in particular, and in English Composition, in 
such way and at such times, as the Corporation with the 
assent of the Overseers shall hereafter direct" The 
instruction in English Composition is now assigned to the 
Professor of Rhetorick. 

Hancock Professors of the Hebrew and other Oriental 
Languages, 

Inaugurated Died or resigned 

1765 Stephen Sewall - - - - 1785 
1783 Eliphalet Pearson - - - - 1806 
1807 Sidney Willard 



12 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. pL 

PROFESSORS OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE, 

VIZ. 

Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physick^ 

Hersey Professor of Anatomy and Surgery^ 

Erving Professor of Chemistry , 

Professor of Materia Medica^ 

Professor of Obstetricks and Medical Jurisprudence. 

The Medical Institution was founded by the Univer- 
sity in 1783, and the Professors of Anatomy and Surge- 
ry, of the Theory and Practice of Physick^ and of Che- 
mistry and Materia Medica, appointed. The Professor 
of Materia Medica (that branch being separated from 
Chemistry), and the Professor of Obstetricks and Medi- 
cal Jurisprudence, were added in 1818. 

By the regulations of the University, these Professors 
were to deliver courses of instruction, at rooms provided 
for them at Cambridge, to medical students and to un- 
dergraduates who might be permitted to attend, the 
sums agreed upon between the professors and pupils to 
be assessed in the quarter bills. After salaries were 
annexed to the offices of several of the Professors, the 
fees to be demanded were to be approved by the Corpo- 
ration. 

Since the establishment of the Medical School, several 
bequests have accrued to the University for this depart- 
ment of the University, the incomes of which have been 
applied to their objects, viz. 

Dr. John Cuming, by will proved October 9, 1788, 
gave three hundred dollars, and the reversion of half 
the estate occupied by his widow, " to be appropriated to 
the Professor of Physick, if any such there be or shall 
be ; otherwise to be disposed of by the Corporation and 
Overseers of that society, for the use and benefit of the 
same.'' 

Dr. Ezekiel Hersey and Mrs. Sarah Derby made libe- 
ral bequests to the Corporation, " the interest thereof 
to be appropriated towards the support of a Professor of 
Anatomy and Physick, and for that use only,'' 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 13 

Dr. Abner Hersey, by his will, dated October, 1786, 
gives '^ five hundred pounds to and for the sole use and 
benefit, and for the encouragement and support of a 
Professor of Physick and Surgery at the University in 
Cambridge and County of Middlesex and Commonwealth 
of Massachusetts, or any other town or county in said 
Commonwealth where such Professor shall be allowed to 
reside." 

William Erving, Esq. in 1791, left to the University a 
bequest for the support of the Professor of Chemistry j 
and in 1812 Mrs. Sprague's legacy was received to be 
appropriated to the use of the Professor of the Theory 
and Practice of Physick. 

In 1810, the Medical Institution was extended to Bos» 
ton, with the condition that the Professors should give 
suitable lectures at the University, as should be required* 

Two Lecturers, one on Materia Medica, and the other 
on Obstetricks, were added to the number of Instructers 
in 1815, who in 1819 were made Professors with the 
rights and duties pertaining to the ofiice of Professor, 
according to the statutes of the Medical Institution, but 
without any claim to compensation other than the fees 
they might receive from their pupils. 

The Professors above give Lectures at the Medical 
College, Boston, for three months from the third Wed- 
nesday in November. 

The Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physick 
is to give at Cambridge, biennially, a few Lectures on 
Physiology and the Art of Preserving Health. 

The Professor of Anatomy, between the first Monday 
in April and the middle of July, is to deliver to stu- 
dents and others authorized to attend, at Cambridge, a 
Course of Lectures, not less than twenty-five in number, 
on the subjects of his Professorship, with demonstrations 
from preparations, and adapted to give general scholars, 
not intended for the medical profession, an acquaintance 
with the structure of the human frame; the Professor to 
furnish such preparations, not in the possession of the 



14 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

College, as may be requisite for illustrating his Lec- 
tures. 

Till recently the rules prescribing the duty of the Pro- 
fessor of Chemistry at the University have been as fol- 
lows, viz. 

The Erving Professor of Chemistry was to deliver at 
Cambridge a full Course of Lectures on Chemistry and 
Mineralogy, and to examine the pupils once in each 
week, to ascertain their knowledge of the subjects on 
which the Lectures are given ; he was to take care of 
the laboratory and apparatus, and see that the instru- 
ments and articles be so placed as not to be exposed to 
injury, and be in good order; the Professor to procure 
the requisite assistance. 

It being considered expedient that the instruction in 
Chemistry and the other duties of that department at the 
University should be in the charge of some gentleman 
resident at Cambridge, a Lecturer in Chemistry, Mine- 
ralogy, and Geology, has been chosen, who is to give 
lessons and lectures in those branches, to take care of 
the cabinets, laboratory, &c. and the Professor above is 
exempted from the duty of lecturing at Cambridge, re- 
ceiving the income of the Erving Foundation, and allowed 
to confine his instructions to the Medical College. 

Hersey Professors of Anatomy <ind Surgery. 

Inaugurated Died or resigned 

1783 John Warren, ) iqik 

1806 John Collins Warren, Mjunct, \ ^^^^ 

1815 John Collins Warren, 

Hersey Professors of the Theory and Practice ofPhysick. 
1783 Beiijamu) Waterhouse, - - 1812 

1812 James Jackson 

1815 Walter Channing, Professor of Obstetricks and Med. Jurisprudence. 

Erving Professors of Chemistry and Materia Medica. 
1783 Aaron Dexter > 1816 

1809 John Gorham, Adjunct, ] 1816 

1815 Jacob Bigelow, Professor of Materia Medica, 

Erving Professors of Chemistry. 

1816 Aaron Dexter, Emeritus, 
J 8 16 JohnGorham. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 15 



THE MASSACHUSETTS PROFESSORSHIP OF NATURAL HISTORY. 

At a meeting of the Society of Subscribers to a Fund 
for the establishment of a Professorship of Natural His- 
tory^ holdeii at the Hail of the Union Bank, in Boston, 
on Wednesday the 27th day of March^ in the year of 
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and five, at eleven 
of the clock in the forenoon, the Foundation of the Pro- 
fessorship herein after mentioned, and the foliowing rules 
and principles^ by which it should be regulated and con- 
ducted, were agreed upon. 

CHAPTER 1. 

The Foundation of the Professorship, 

A Professorship of Natural History shall be founded 
at Harvard College, in Cambridge ; and the Professor 
shall be stiled, " The Massachusetts Professor of Natu- 
ral History :*' — Provided, that if any person shall become 
a munificent patron of the said Professorship, by liberally 
endowing the same, it shall be in the power of the Presi- 
dent and Fellows of Harvard College, to name the Pro- 
fessor after such Benefactor. 



CHAPTER II. 

The Election of the Professor. 

1. The first Professor shall be chosen by the greater 
part of the subscribers aforesaid, present at a meeting 
to be called for that purpose. 

2. The successors of the first Professor shall be elect- 
ed by the President and Fellows, and the election be ap- 
proved by the Overseers of Harvard College, in the 
same manner as other Professors of the College are 



16 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

chosen. And every Professor so to be elected shall be a 
Master of Arts, of the Christian Protestant religion, 
and of good moral character. 

3. When, after the election of the first Professor, 
there shall be a vacancy in the office, if a successor shall 
not be appointed in manner aforesaid, and introduced 
into the office, within six calendar months after such va- 
cancy shall happen, then the Visitors of the said Profes- 
sorship shall have power to fill such vacancy, bj the elec- 
tion of a Professor. 

4. The Professor, after his election, and before he 
enter on the execution of the duties of his office, shall 
make and subscribe, before the President and Fellows of 
Harvard College, a declaration similar to the declara- 
tions required from the Medical Professors. Provided, 
however, that the declaration to be subscribed by the 
Professor of Natural History, shall contai^i nothing re- 
pugnant to the rules and principles of this institution 
herein declared, nor to the laws of the land. 

5. The Professor shall hold his office so long as he 
shall discharge the duties thereof, and behave well. And 
he may be removed from the office by the Visitors of the 
Professorship, either for misbehaviour, or incapacity to 
discharge the duties thereof, according to the discretion 
of the Visitors. But the President and Fellows of Har- 
vard College may suspend the said Professor from all the 
powers and duties of his office, for neglect of his duties to 
the College required by this foundation, or inability to 
discharge the same, or for immoral behaviour, which 
suspension shall continue in full force, until he be re- 
stored or removed by the Visitors. 

6. When a Professor shall be removed from the office 
for incapacity, arising after his election, and from no 
fault of his own, the Visitors may make such provision 
for his future support, as may be consistent with the 
state and magnitude of the funds of the Professorship., 



II. ] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 17 



CHAPTER III. 

Of the Duties of the Professor. 

1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to form a 
Botanic Garden on the grounds that shall be provided 
for that purpose, which shall contain all the plants that 
may be procured, and may be capable of preservation 
therein, including all the indigenous plants of the coun- 
try, foreign plants which have been, or which may be 
naturalized here, and all other exotic plants whatever, 
useful for the purposes of this institution. And the Pro- 
fessor shall superintend the Botanic Garden, and the 
preservation and growth of the plants therein, subject 
to such rules and regulations as may, from time to time, 
be prescribed by the Visitors. 

2. The Professor shall read Lectures on Botany and 
Entomology to such of the Students of Harvard College, 
as may be inclined to attend thereon, at such times, un- 
der such regulations, and for such gratuities, as shall be 
directed by the President and Fellows of the said Col- 
lege, the gratuities to be assessed in the quarter bills of 
the students so attending, and when received, shall be 
paid over to the Professor. And the Professor, in his 
lectures, shall exhibit all the plants necessary to the due 
illustration of the subject. Provided hoivever, that those 
Students of Harvard College, who are sons of any of 
the Subscribers aforesaid, shall be entitled to attend on 
the said lectures gratis, agreeably to the terms of the 
original subscription. 

3. The Professor, with the assent of the Visitors, and 
under such regulations as they may prescribe, may read 
Lectures on Botany and Entomology to such other per- 
sons as may request to attend on the same, for such gra- 
tuities as the Visitors and Professor may determine ; pro- 
vided that the said regulations be not repugnant to the 
regulations which may be prescribed by the President 

3 



18 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 

and Fellows of Harvard College, for the government of 
the Students, in their attendance on the Professor. And 
provided further, that the immediate government of the 
College may exclude any person from the privilege of 
attending on the lectures of the Professor, whom they 
shall declare to have insulted the authority of the Col- 
lege, or to have violated the laws of the College made 
for the government of the Students. 

4. The Professor, either personally or by some as- 
sistant, by him appointed, and approved by the Visitors, 
and by the President and Fellows of Harvard College, 
shall attend on all persons who may desire to view the 
Botanic Garden, and inspect the plants therein preserv- 
ed, at such times, under such regulations, and for such 
perquisites as the Visitors, from time to time, shall di- 
rect. — Provided, that no perquisite be exacted from 
any of the Subscribers aforesaid, nor from any of 
the Overseers, or of the Corporation, or of the Imme- 
diate Governors or instructers of Harvard College. Pro- 
vided also, that no Undergraduate of the College be ad- 
mitted into the garden but at such hours, and for such 
length of time, as shall be allowed by the Government 
of the said College. 

5. The Professor shall collect all specimens in Miner- 
alogy for which he may have convenient opportunity, 
and after arranging them, he shall deposit them in the 
Cabinet of Mineralogy belonging to the Corporation of 
Harvard College, for the use of the University of Cam- 
bridge. 

6. The President and Fellows of Harvard College, 
with the assent of the Visitors of the Professorship, may 
enjoin upon the Professor the duty of instructing the 
Students of the College in such other branches of Natu- 
ral History, as may be found from experience consistent 
with his faithful discharge of all the duties already above 
enjoined on him. And such further instruction shall be 
given at such times, under such regulations, and for such 
gratuities, as the said President and Fellows shall pre- 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 19 

scribe. And such gratuities shall be assessed and paid 
over, in the same manner as the gratuities for attending 
on the Lectures on Botany and Entomology. 

CHAPTER IV. 
Of the Funds of the Professorship, 

1. All the real Estate to be purchased for the founda- 
tion of the said Professorship, shall be vested in the Presi- 
dent and Fellows of Harvard College, upon the special 
trust and confidence, that the Professor of Natural His- 
tory, for the time being, shall have the use and occupa- 
tion of the same, for his habitation, and for the Botanic 
Garden, and for such other uses as may be connected 
therewith. 

2. All the personal property which may belong to the 
said foundation, shall be vested in the President and Fel- 
lows of Harvard College, but upon such trusts, and for 
such uses, as shall, from time to time, be directed by 
the Visitors of the said Professorship. 

3. Whenever there may be growing, in the Botanic 
Garden, plants of any description, w^hich may be taken 
from the Garden, without any prejudice to the end and 
design of the Professorship, such plants may be sold 
under such regulations, and for such prices, as the Visi- 
tors may direct ; and the profits arising from the inspec- 
tion or sale of the plants, shall form a part of the perso- 
nal Funds of the said Professorship. 

4. The Treasurer of Harvard College shall pay over 
the rents, issues, and profits of the said Estate, real and 
personal, which he may receive, and also the principal 
of the said personal Estate, to the order of the Visitors 
of the said Professorship, with whom he shall account, 
as often as they shall direct. And the Treasurer shall 
be entitled to such compensation for managing and tak- 
ing care of the personal property of the said Professor- 
ship, entrusted to him, as shall be determined by the 
President and Fellow^s of Harvard College. 



20 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 

5. The money raised by the subscribers aforesaid 
shall be paid over to the Treasurer of Harvard College, 
for the uses, and upon the trusts aforesaid ; reserving,' 
how^ever, in the hands of the said subscribers, or in the 
hands of their own Treasurer, so much of the said money 
as they may think proper for the purchase of real estate 
for the said Professorship. 

6. All monies paid to the Treasurer of Harvard Col- 
lege, shall be put at interest in the name of the President 
and Fellows of the said College, but for the uses and 
upon the trusts aforesaid, by vesting the same in the 
publick funds of this State, or of the United States of 
America, or in the stock of some bank legally incorpo- 
rated, at his discretion, unless he receive directions con- 
cerning the same, from the Visitors of the Professorship, 
to which directions it shall be his duty in all things to 
conform. 

CHAPTER V. 

Of the Visitors of the Professorship. 

1. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for 
promoting Agriculture, together with the President of 
Harvard College, the President of the American Acade- 
my of Arts and Sciences, and the President of the Mas- 
sachusetts Medical Society, or the greater part of them, 
shall be the Visitors of the said Professorship, with all 
the powers and duties in the said Visitors above vested, 
and on them enjoined. Provided, that if the Massachu- 
setts Society for promoting Agriculture, shall, at any 
time, have more than twelve Trustees, then the said 
Trustees shall elect out of their own body, twelve, who, 
together with the three Presidents aforesaid, shall be 
the Visitors of the said Professorship. 

2. And further, the Visitors shall have full power to 
cause a dwelling-house for the Professor, and such other 
buildings to be erected, such utensils and materials to 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 21 

be purchased, and such labourers to be employed, as, in 
their judgment, may be fit and reason:ible — to cause the 
real estate to be kept in repair — to prevent any waste 
or loss in the personal estate— to see that the Botanic 
Garden be supplied with the necessary plants, and be 
duly cultured — to take care that the duties of the Pro- 
fessor and of those employed under him, be intelligently 
and faithfully discharged — to fix the salary and the 
emoluments of the Professor, and of any assistant he 
may have — and generally to make, and cause to be exe- 
cuted, ail such rules and regulations as in their judgment 
will render the said Professorship most useful in pro- 
moting the interests of the University of Cambridge, and 
the arts and agriculture of the State, and for the better 
qualification of the Professor, for discharging the duties 
of his office : so that such rules and regulations be not 
repugnant to the rules and principles herein agreed upon, 
nor to the charter of Harvard College, nor to the laws 
of the land. 

3. The Visitors may make all such appropriation of 
the funds of the Professorship, including both principal 
and interest, as in their judgment, may be necessary for 
the due execution of the powers, with which they are 
herein vested. 

4. If at any time, the funds of the said Professorship 
should be more than sufficient for all the purposes afore- 
said, and there should remain any monies unappropriat- 
ed, the Visitors may appropriate so much of ^he monies 
so remaining, as they may think proper, for the forming 
or enlarging a cabinet or cabinets of Natural History, 
for the use of the University of Cambridge, to be con- 
nected with the said Professorship, according to the 
duties that are or may be enjoined on the Professor — or, 
the said Visitors may appropriate so much of the monies 
so remaining, as they may think proper, towards the 
compensation of any other Professor of Harvard Col- 
lege, to whom may be entrusted, by the President and 
Fellows of the said College, the right of teaching any 



22 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

branch of Natural History, not specially provided for 
in this Institution, if such appropriation, in the judgment 
of the Visitors, shall be more useful in diffusing the 
knowledge of Natural History. 

5. The Visitors may constitute one or more commit- 
tees selected from themselves, or elsewhere, with au- 
thority to execute such of the powers vested in the 
Visitors, as they may judge will be most convenient for 
the due execution of the great variety of important trusts 
reposed in them. Provided^ that the removal of the 
Professor from his office, or the fixing his salary and 
perquisites, by any committee be not valid, until the 
same be ratified by the Board of Visitors. 

6. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for 
promoting Agriculture, or the greater part of them, shall 
call the first meeting of the Visitors, in such manner, 
and at such time and place as they shall determine, at 
which first meeting the greater part of the Visitors, then 
present, may agree upon the method of notifying future 
meetings, which method they may from time to time 
alter. And at any meeting of the Visitors duly notified 
(provided five at the least be present) the act of the 
greater part present shall be deemed the act of the 
Visitors. 

7. To prevent any failure of Visitors of the said Pro- 
fessorship, it is agreed, that if the Trustees of the Mas- 
sachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture, who may 
be Visitors as aforesaid, or the greater part of them, 
should, after accepting the trust aforesaid, decline the 
further execution thereof, either expressly, or by unrea- 
sonably neglecting the same, such neglect being declared 
by the greater part of the Justices of the Supreme Judi- 
cial Court, upon complaint made by the President and 
Fellows of Harvard College ; then the said President 
and Fellows, together with the President of the Ameri- 
can Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the President 
of the Massachusetts Medical Society, or the greater 
part of them, shall be the Visitors of the said Professor- 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 23 

ship, with all the powers above defined and to the 
Visitors granted. 

8. Whereas some alterations and amendments may 
from experience be found necessary for more effectually 
promoting the true design of this Institution, it is there- 
fore agreed, that all such alterations and amendments to 
this foundation which shall hereafter be agreed upon by 
the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the 
Visitors aforesaid, for the more successful cultivation of 
the science of Natural History, and which shall be ap- 
proved by the Overseers of Harvard College, and the 
President and Council of the American Academy of 
Arts and Sciences, shall have the same force and effect 
as if part of the original foundation. 



The foregoing Foundation and Rules having been 
accepted by the Corporation and Overseers, and by the 
Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture, the 
Institution was begun and the first Professor appointed 
in the year 1805. 

On the decease of the first Professor, in October 1 822, 
it being found expedient that the income of the funds 
should be applied for the present to make good the cap- 
ital stock originally destined to a Professor, which capi- 
tal stock had become impaired ; and also to put in com- 
plete repair the edifices and fences, and to furnish the 
garden with plants, the Corporation, at the instance 
of the Visitors, forbore to fill the vacant chair. The 
third article of chapter second was altered so as to leave 
the corporation the power of delaying to choose a suc- 
cessor, till requested to do it by the Visitors. The 
establishment was committed to a Curator with two of 
the Visitors. 

The Curator has the same duties in respect to the 
supervision of the garden, as are allotted by the statutes 
to the Professor. 



24 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [11. 

He is also to deliver lectures on Botany to such Stu- 
dents as may attend upon him under the regulations 
made by the Corporation, receiving such gratuities from 
his pupils as that Board may authorize. 

Massachusetts Professor of Natural History, 

inaugurated Died 

1805 William Dandridge Peck, - - 1822 
1823 Thomas Nuttall, Curator, 



BOYLSTON PROFESSOR OF RHETORICK AND ORATORY, 

An Extract fro7n the Will of Nicholas Boylston, Esq, 

I GIVE and bequeath unto the President and Fellows 
of Harvard College in Cambridge, in the County of 
Middlesex, the sum of one thousand five hundred pounds, 
lawful money, and order that the same be put out at 
interest on good security, and that the whole income and 
interest thereof be forever applied to the support and 
maintenance of some well qualified person who shall be 
elected by the President and Fellows of said College 
for the time being, and approved of by the Overseers of 
said College to be the Professor of Rhetorick and Ora- 
tory, who shall receive the whole benefit or income of 
this Donation if he discharges the duties of his profes- 
sion and office, according to such rules and directions as 
shall be appointed and established by said President and 
Fellows, with the consent of the said Overseers of 
said College. And I direct that such Professor shall 
be removed by the President and Fellows with the 
consent of the Overseers, in case he shall be guilty 
of any immoralities, or in their judgment not quali- 
fied for such a place. And it is my Will, that as 
soon as may be after my decease, (or upon the removal 
of any such Professor upon this foundation,) the said 
President and Fellows proceed to the choice of some 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 25 

proper person for the office and trust, he to be approved 
of and confirmed by the said Overseers ; and if said 
Overseers shall apprehend any unreasonable delay by 
the ^'resident and Fellows in this matter, in such case 
I hereby empower them to proceed by themselves in the 
choice and appointment of a suitable, well qualified per- 
son aforesaid. It is also my Will, that all the income 
of this Donation during the time the Professorship may 
be necessarily vacant, shall be added to the capital sum, 
for the better support and encouragement of succeeding 
Professors ; and I order my executors to pay the afore- 
said sum of one thousand five hundred pounds to the 
Treasurer of said College within six months after my 
decease. 

(Paid February 11, 1772.) 



The fund thus given was put at interest, and was ap- 
plied to its object in 1806. The first Professor was 
then appointed, and a body of directions and statutes 
was made by the Corporation, with the assent of the 
Overseers, subject to such alterations, additions, and 
amendments, as should be found expedient. 

It is made the duty of the Professor *' to instruct the 
Students of the several Classes in the nature, excellence, 
and acquisition of the important arts of Rhetorick, in its 
most extended and comprehensive sense, in the theory 
and practice of writing and speaking well, that is, with 
method, elegance, harmony, dignity, and energy. This 
instruction shall be given in public and private lectures." 

The Lectures and Exercises of the Boylston Professor 
are as follows : — 

1. Declamation. — He hears the Seniors and Juniors 
declaim once a week in publick ; the Sophomores once 
a week, unless they write or translate ; the Freshmen, 
once a week, in reading the Rhetorical Grammar, or in 
declamation. 

He attends the rehearsals previous to Exhibition and 



26 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

Commencement, making remarks on pronunciation, em- 
phasis, and gesture, as the performances of those who 
speak or read suggest. 

2. He has (1) Exercises in Composition with the 
three upper Classes, each Student being required to 
present a theme once a fortnight for his inspection and 
criti( ism. 

(2.) The performances of the Students for public oc- 
casions are submitted to him for correction. 

(o ) He has a recitation with the Sophomores in 
Blair's Rhetorick (unabridged) on five days of the week, 
during the second or Spring term. 

3. A course of publick Lectures is delivered to the 
Juniors in the third term. 

The general subjects are, 

The uses, objects, and dangers of criticism. 

The right selection and use of words. 

The structure of sentences. 

The true character of eloquence. 

The different kinds of eloquence in ancient and 
modern times. 

The motives and helps to its cultivation. 
The course is to be enlarged in the critical depart- 
ment. 

Professors of Rhetorick and Oratory, 

Inaugurated Died or resigned 

1806 John Quincy Adams - - 1809 

1809 Joseph McKean - - - - 1818 
1819 E award Tyrrel C banning 



COLLEGE PROFESSOR* OF LOGICK AND METAPHYSICKS. 

The office of permanent Tutor was established in 
the College, A. D. 1800. The General Court, by an 
act passed in that year, authorized the President and 

* See Appendix B. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 27 

Fellows, with the approbation of the Overseers, to apply 
the sum of two hundred pounds, payable annually to 
the College by the proprietors of West Boston Bridge 
towards the support of one or more Permanent Tutors 
in the University. 

The Tutor in the above branches, to which E thicks 
was then joined, was appointed to this situation at that 
time,^' and in 1810, he was made College Professor of 
Logick, Ethicks, and Metaphysicks, being subject to the 
duties before required of him by law, but entitled to such 
exemptions, and liable to such further duties as might be 
determined by the Corporation with the approbation of 
the Overseers. 

It is the province of this Professor to conduct the in- 
struction in Loglck and Intellectual Philosophy ; to 
which Moral Philosophy, Civil Polity, and Political 
Economy are added during the vacancy of the Alford 
Professorship. He reads lectures introductory to each 
branch of instruction committed to him, and a brief 
course on Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding. 

College Professor of Logick and Metaphysicks. 

Inaugurated 

1810 Levi Hedge. 



COLLEGE PROFESSOR OF GREEK. 

This office was established, and the officer appointed 
by a vote of the Corporation, passed Sept. 12, and ap- 
proved by the Overseers, Oct. 12, 1815, as follows :— 

At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Har- 
vard College, September 12, 1815. 

Voted, That the Rev. John Snelling Popkin, D. D. 
be appointed '^ College Professor of Greek," to perform 
such of the duties heretofore performed by the College 

* A portion of the income from the Bridge was, in 1803, set apart as 
an accumulating fund for the support of a second Permanent Tutor. 



28 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 

Professor and the Tutor of Greek, as shall be determin- 
ed ; he to hold his office by the same tenure, generally, 
as the permanent Professors of the University, with the 
same compensation, if the whole of the duty above men- 
tioned be performed by him. 

College Professor of Greek, 

Inaugurated 

1815 John Snelling Popkin. 



ELIOT PROFESSOR OF GREEK LITERATURE. 

In April, A. D. 1814, a gentleman,* through one of 
the Corporation, made a donation of twenty thousand 
dollars to endow a Professorship of Greek in the Uni- 
versity ; the statutes to be made and a Professor to be 
chosen and introduced into office within a convenient 
time. In the beginning of the next year, the following 
Rules and Statutes were approved by the Founder, and 
Avere enacted by the Corporation and Overseers. 

Rules and Statutes of the Professorship of Greek 
Literature in Harvard College. 

CHAPTER I. 

The Foundation of the Professorship, 

The sum given as aforesaid, shall be managed and 
invested by the President and Fellows, for the time 
being, and the income be applied by them for the sup- 
port of a Professor of the Greek language and of Greek 
literature in the University at Cambridge, who shall be 
called '' the Professor of Greek Literature;" provided, 
that the Corporation may give another name to the Pro- 
fessor, but not that of the Founder, except with his 
express consent. 

"*■• After bis decease, January 18, 1820, announced to be Samuel 

Eliot, Esq. 



£11. FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES* 29 

CHAPTER JI. 

Election of the Professor, 

1. The first Professor and his successor shall be 
elected by the President and Fellows, and the election 
approved by the Overseers of Harvard College* The 
Professor shall be a Master of Arts, of the Christian 
Protestant Religion, and shall bear the character of a 
learned, pious, and honest man. 

2. When, after the election of the first Professor, 
there shall be a vacancy in the office, a successor shall 
be appointed and introduced into the office within one 
year after such vacancy shall happen. 

3. The Professor after his election, and before he 
enters on the execution of the duties of his office, shall 
make and subscribe a declaration before the President 
and Fellows, that he believes in the Christian religion, 
and has a firm persuasion of its truth, and that he is in 
principle a Protestant ; that he will with diligence and 
fidelity discharge the duties of his office according to 
these statutes, and such other statutes and laws as are 
or may be made by the College legislature, not repug- 
nant thereunto ; that he will labour to advance the inter- 
ests of general science and literature ; that by his exam- 
ple, as well as otherwise, he will endeavour to encourage 
and promote true piety, and all the Christian virtues ; 
and that he will at all times consult the good of his 
pupils, and of the College in every respect. 

4. The Professor shall hold his office by the same 
tenure generally, as the other Professors upon founda- 
tions ; he shall be subject to removal, for ainy just and 
sufficient cause, by the President and Fellows, the Over- 
seers consenting thereto ; provided, that in case of the 
removal of a Professor on this foundation for incapacity 
after his election, and from no fault of his own, the 
President and Fellows of said College shall have a right 
to make such provision for his support, not from the 



30 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

fuod or income of the Professorship, but out of the un- 
appropriated funds of the College, as they shall see fit. 

CHAPTER III. 

The Duties of the Professor. 

1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to cultivate 
and promote the knowledge of the Greek Language and 
of Greek Literature. He shall give publick and private 
lectures, as the Corporation maj determine, on the gen- 
ius, structure, characteristicks, and excellencies of the 
Greek language in the purest age of the language, and 
in the period succeeding, not neglecting the state of it 
in modern times ; on the principal Greek authors, tak- 
ing notice of the Greek Fathers and ecclesiastical wri- 
ters ; and on the interpretation of the Septuagint Ver- 
sion, and of the Greek Nev^ Testament, especially so 
far as such interpretation may be aided by a knowledge 
of Greek. 

2. The Professor shall point out the best course of 
reading and study, for those who would become versed 
in Grecian literature. 

3. To ascertain and promote the improvement of his 
pupils, the Professor shall statedly or frequently exam- 
ine them on the topicks treated in his publick lectures, 
proposing questions to be answered orally, or in writing, 
as he shall see fit. 

4. The Professor shall give private lectures or exer- 
cises to such of the graduates and undergraduates, as 
may come under his care, in which he shall assign por- 
tions of Greek authors to be studied by the pupils. In 
these exercises it will be his duty to explain and illus- 
trate the work under consideration ; to observe the sen- 
timents, spirit, style, and general execution ; the imagery 
and rhetorical beauties ; that the University may send 
out alumni, who possess a discriminating knowledge of 
the renowned productions of Grecian authors, and the 
powers of the Grecian language. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. SI 

5. The number and order of the lectures and exer- 
cises to be given by the Professor, and the description 
of students, graduates, and undergraduates, who shall 
receive his instruction, shall be the subjects of particular 
regulation by the College law from time to time, as 
occasion may invite or require. 

6. It shall be in the power of the President and Fel- 
lows of the University to annex to the Greek Professor- 
ship aforesaid, any duties not included in the preceding 
outline ; provided, that such duties shall only extend to 
instruction in the Greek language or Greek literature, 
or in sacred criticism, so far as it is connected with a 
knowledge of Greek. 



The Eliot Professor delivers to the Senior Class reg- 
ularly a course of lectures on the History of Greek 
Literature, and occasionally a course on Antiquities 
in general ; the attendance on which last is voluntary. 

Eliot Professor of Greek Literature. 

Inaugurated 

1815 Edward Everett. 

After the death of Samuel Eliot, Esq. in 1820, his name waS 
annexed to the Professorship. 



ROYALL PROFESSOR OF LAW. 

The fund appropriated to this Professorship accrues 
from the bequests of Isaac Royall, Esq. made in his 
Will, dated May 26, 1773, and in the Codicil to his 
Will dated JNovember 30, 1779. He devised and be- 
queathed to the Corporation of Harvard College certain 
lands, " to sell the same and put the money out to inter- 
est, the income to be appropriated towards endowing 
a Professor of Laws, or a Professor of Physick and 
Anatcmy, whichever they shall judge to be most for the 
benefit of said College." 



32 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II, 

In the autumn of 1815, it was determined to establish 
a Professorship of Law agreeably to the foregoing Will, 
and, in the Spring following, the Statutes and Rules were 
enacted, and the Professor introduced. 

Statutes of the Professorship of Law in Harvard 
University. 

1. For the present, and so long as the principal support 
of the Professor shall be derived from the fund bequeath- 
ed by the late Hon. Isaac Royall, Esquire, the Profes- 
sor shall be entitled, " Royall Professor of Law ;" but 
the Corporation reserve to themselves the right, with 
the assent of the Overseers, to change the title of said 
Professor, whenever and as soon as any such additions 
shall be made to the aforesaid fund, as to render the 
sum bequeathed by the aforesaid Royall the smaller 
part of the whole foundation, or for any other good and 
sufficient reason not repugnant to the Will of the said 
Royall. 

2. The said Professor of Law shall be elected in the 
same manner in which other officers of the College are 
chosen, and shall hold his office during good behaviour; 
but the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, 
may at any time remove him for any cause, which they 
may deem just and sufficient. 

3. The said Professor shall enjoy all the privileges and 
the rank, which appertain of right to the other Professors 
in the College ; but he shall not be obliged to reside in 
the town of Cambridge, nor shall be called upon to take 
any part in the Immediate Government of the College, 
unless required so to do by the Corporation and Over- 
seers ; he shall, however, when requested by the Cor- 
poration, give his opinion on any questions of Law^ 
immediately affecting the College, provided the delivery 
of such opinion shall not interfere with the said Profes- 
sor's other duties. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 33 

4. The said Professor shall enjoy all the authority while 
delivering his lectures to the Students, as to the preser- 
vation of order and decorum and the regulation of thq 
deportment of the Students, which other Professors are 
entitled to exercise ; and for any indecorum during his 
exercises, or insult offered to him, the Students shall be 
subject to such penalties as are provided in like cases as 
to the other officers of the College ; which penalties it 
shall be the duty of the Immediate Government, after 
due examination, to apply. 

5. The said Professor shall, before he enters on the du- 
ties of his office, subscribe these statutes, as well as the 
usual declaration prescribed in such cases to other Pro- 
fessors. 

6. The course of lectures shall be delivered in some of 
the College publick rooms, and shall consist of not less 
than fifteen ; and, until further order, the same shall be 
attended only by the Senior Class among the under- 
graduates ; but the officers of the College, including the 
Overseers and Corporation, together with all resident 
graduates, shall have a right to attend the said lectures 
gratis. It shall also be lawful for the said Professor to 
admit any other persons, not resident at the College, on 
such terms and conditions as shall to the said Professor 
seem proper ; provided, that such arrangements be made 
as to numbers and seats at the lectures as may consist 
with the suitable accommodation of the members of 
the College who attend. 

7. It shall be the duty of the said Professor to exhibit, in 
a course of lectures, the theory of Law in its most com- 
prehensive sense ; the principles and practical operation 
of the Constitution wnd Government of the United 
States and of this Commonwealth ; a history of the Juris- 
prudence of this State under the Colonial and Provincial, 
as well as under the present Government ; an explana- 
tion of the principles of the Common Law of England, 
the mode of its inrroductioji into this country, and the 
sources and reasons of its obligation therein ; also its 

5 



^4 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

various modifications by usage, judicial decision, and 
statute ; and, generally, those topics connected with law 
as a science, which will best lead the minds of the Stu- 
dents to such inquiries and researches, as will qualify 
them to become useful and distinguished supporters of 
our free systems of government, as well as able and hon- 
ourable advocates of the rights of the citizens. And it 
shall be in the power of the Corporation, with the assent 
of the Overseers, to vary, modify, enlarge, or wholly 
change the above course, and to prescribe any other 
duties not inconsistent with the general principles o» 
which such a Professorship is founded. 

Royall Professor of Law, 

Inaugurated 

1816 Isaac Parker. 



SMITH PROFESSOR OF THE FRENCH AND SPANlSIf 
LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE. 

Extract from the Will of Ahiel Smithy Esq. 

" I give to the Harvard University at Cambridge the 
nominal sum of twenty thousand dollars, in the three 
per cent, funded stock of the United States, as a fund^ 
the interest or income to be appropriated to the main- 
tenance and support of a Teacher or Professor of the 
French, or French and Spanish languages, at said Uni- 
versity, either singly or in company with any other 
fund, which may be given or appropriated to the same 
purpose." 

" And if my estate should be sufficient at the time of my 
decease, I give to the Harvard University at Cambridge, 
the further sum of ten thousand dollars to be used as a 
fund for the same purposes as prescribed in my bequest 
heretofore made in this Instrument to said University." 



n.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 35 

In 1816, the two bequests above mentioned having been 
received, it was determined that the endowment should 
be applied in part to pay the expense of private instruc- 
tion and recitation in the French and Spanish Languages, 
and in part to the support of a Professor who should 
give lectures on the Literature, as well as Languages of 
those nations. 

The foundation and rules were made and the Pro- 
fessor chosen in 1817. 

At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Har- 
vard College, 30th June, 1817, the following votes 
were passed. 

L There shall be established at the University a 
Professor on the foundation made by the late Abiel 
Smith, Esq. 

2. The Professor shall be styled Smith Professor of 
the French and Spanish Languages and Literature. 

3. The Professor, after his election, and before he 
enters on the duties of his office, shall make and sub- 
scribe a declaration and promise of the tenor required 
of other Professors on foundations. 

4. The Smith Professor shall hold his office by the 
same tenure generally, as the other Professors on foun- 
dations, and shall be subject to removal by the Presi- 
dent and Fellows for any cause by them deemed just 
and sufficient, the Overseers consenting thereto. 

5. The Professor shall give lectures and exercises in 
one or both the departments committed to him, in such 
mode, at such times, and to such persons as shall be de- 
termined by the College laws from time to time, and 
shall receive for his services one thousand dollars annu- 
ally from the income of the late Mr. Smith's bequest. 

6. The first Smith Professor shall be Professor of 
Belles Lettres, with authority to give instruction in 
publick and private lectures in this department, to such 
members of the College as may attend upon him, on such 
conditions, and for such fees, as may be determined ; but 
with no regular salary stipulated by the College, except 



36 FOUISDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 

that the College will insert and collect in the quarter bills 
the dues to the Professor from his pupils and the attend- 
ants on his lectures. 

7. The Professor holding these two offices shall not 
be required to be resident, unless a stated salary shall be 
annexed to said offices, which, in the opinion of the 
Corporation, shall make the requisition of such residence 
reasonable ; and, in such case, the Professor shall have 
no more prerogative in respect to fees for his instruction, 
than the Corporation shall deem expedient. 



A course of lectures is annually delivered by the 
Smith Professor in the publick rooms of the College to 
the Seniors, conformably to the foregoing regulations. 

Smith Professor of the French and Spanish Languages 
and Literature^ and Professor of Belles Lettres. 

Inaugurated 

1817 George Ticknor. 

An Instructer in French and Spanish was at the same 
time established by the aid of Mr. Smith's bequest. 

He is to give lessons in both languages, in one term 
on three days, and in the other two terms on not less than 
two days in each week, to such Students as wish to attend 
him at private hours out of either of the classes, and to 
those Juniors who choose to study French and Spanish 
instead of Hebrew. 

Instructer, 

Appointed 

1817 Francis Sales. 



RUMFORD PROFESSOR. 

Benjamin Count Rumford, by his Will register- 
ed at Paris in 1814, bequeathed to the University as 
follows : — " I give and bequeath to the University of 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 37 

Cambridge in the State of Massachusetts in North Amer- 
ica, my native country, one thousand dollars per annum 
forever, for the purpose of founding under the direction 
and government of the Corporation, Overseers, and Gov- 
ernors of that University, a new Institution and Profes- 
sorship, in order to teach by regular courses of aca- 
demical and public lectures, accompanied with proper 
experiments, the Utility of the Physical and Mathemat- 
ical Sciences, for the Improvement of the Useful Arts, 
and for the extension of the industry, prosperity, happi- 
ness, and wellbeing of Society." In the same instrument 
he gave also for the same object the reversion of certain 
other sums. 

The money accruing to the University from this be- 
quest, by the care of the gentlemen who acted in be- 
half of the Corporation co-operating with the attention 
and fidelity of the executors, being placed to the credit 
of the University in the French funds, the Corpora- 
tion proceeded to establish the Professorship by enact- 
ing, with the assent of the Overseers, the following 
Rules and Statutes : — 

Rules and Statutes of the Rumford Professorship, 

CHAPTER I. 
Election of the Professor and his Tenure of Office. 

1. The Professor shall be called the Rumford Profes- 
sor in the University of Cambridge. 

2. The first Professor and his successors shall be 
elected by the President and Fellows, and the election 
be approved by the Overseers of Harvard College. The 
Professor shall be a Master of Arts, and shall bear the 
character of a man of science, piety, and good morals. 

3. The Professor after his election, and before he 
enters on the duties of his office, shall make and sub- 
scribe a declaration similar to the declarations required 
of the Medical Professors. 



38 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [ll. 

4. The Professor shall hold his office by the same 
tenure generally, as the other Professors on foundations, 
and shall be subject to removal by the President and 
Fellows, for any cause by them deemed just and suffi- 
cient, the Overseers consenting thereto. 

CHAPTER II. 

The Duties of the Professor, 

1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to execute the 
Will of the founder, his bequest being made for the 
*' purpose of founding under the direction and manage- 
ment of the Corporation, Overseers, and Governors of 
the University, a new Institution and Professorship, in 
order to teach, by regular courses of academical and 
publick lectures, accompanied with proper experiments, 
the Utility of the Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 
for the improvement of the Useful Arts, and for the ex- 
tension of the industry, prosperity, happiness, and well- 
being of society." 

2. In pursuance of this general design of the founder, 
it shall be the duty of the Professor to explain, and, as 
far as may be, to elucidate by demonstrations and ex- 
periments, the manner in which the Mathematical and 
Physical Sciences are, or have been actually applied to 
the Arts, and to the purposes of life ; to describe, with illus- 
trations by the exhibition of experiments and models, 
valuable improvements, inventions, and discoveries, not 
generally known or introduced into use ; to engage as 
opportunity or occasion may suggest, or the Corporation 
may point out, in particular investigations for making 
discoveries relating to the theory or practice of the Use- 
ful Arts, and for ascertaining the value of proposed 
improvements, communicating the results of his inqui- 
ries, examinations, and experiments in his lectures, or 
from the press. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 39 

3. It will be the duty of the Professor to point out 
the sources of information on the various subjects com- 
prised in the general design of the Rumford Professor- 
-ship, and which subjects may not be particularly dis- 
played and treated in the lectures of the Professor. 

4. He shall annually, at assigned periods, direct the 
attention of his hearers and the publick to the valuable 
discoveries and inventions, which have been offered to 
the world in the year preceding, and shall point out the 
most prominent objects of attention and inquiry in phi- 
losophical, agricultural, and economical subjects, which 
may be prevalent. 

5. In the course of his lectures, he shall take due 
notice of the labours and services of the Founder in this 
department of knowledge, and the important results of 
his researches and experiments. And the Professor shall 
generally perform such duties relative to the objects of 
the Professorship, as the Corporation, with the consent 
of the Overseers, shall from time to time prescribe. 

6. The time, the particular subjects, and the number 
of the Professor's lectures, the manner of giving them, 
the persons who shall have a right to attend, with the 
terms and conditions, shall be under the direction of the 
Corporation. 

The Corporation proceeded, with the assent of the 
Overseers, to elect Jacob Bigelow, M. D. Rumford Pro- 
fessor. 

Before his acceptance, it was agreed as follows : — 

1. That the income of the legacy of Count Rumford 
should be the Professor's allowance from the University. 

2. That the course of instruction should be so regu- 
lated as not to require his residence at Cambridge. 

3. That the expenses of apparatus and materials for 
experiments should be sustained by the University. 



40 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 

According to the rules prescribed, the Rumford Pro- 
fessor delivers, annually, at Cambridge, a course of pub- 
lick Experimental Lectures, beginning on the first Wed- 
nesday in April, and continuing three times a week 
until the Seniors leave College, in the middle of July. 

The lectures are open to the Senior Class, to the 
Graduates and Government of the College, and to xiny 
other persons not connected with the College who may 
choose to attend. 

The subjects of these lectures consist chiefly of illus- 
trations of the application of Natural Philosophy, Chem- 
istry, Natural History, and parts of the Mathematicks, 
to the Useful Arts, and to objects of productive industry. 

Heads of the Course of Lectures delivered at Cam- 
bridge by the Rumford Professor, 

1. 0/ the Materials used in the Arts, — Including 
stone, bricks, cements, woods, metals, flexible fibres 
and textures, &c. &c. Their several natures, qualities, 
and aptitude for particular purposes. 

2. Moving Forces used in the Arts, — Animals and 
men, water, wind, steam, gunpowder, &c. Demonstra- 
tive description of the steam engine. 

t^. Arts of Building. — Of foundations, columns, walls, 
lintels, arches, domes, roofs, windows, chimneys, &c. 
Of Grecian, Roman and Gothic architecture, with the 
characteristicks and technical terms of each. 

4. Arts of Heating and Ventilation. — Of the econ- 
omy of dwelling-houses ; of chimneys, fireplaces, stoves, 
furnaces, air-flues. Laws of the communication of 
heat. Nature of fuel, and its different varieties. 

5. Arts of Locomotion. — Locomotive mechanism in 
animals. Mechanism of wheel-carriages. Of roads, 
pavements, railways, bridges. Of sailing and rowing. 
Of canals. Diving Bell. Aerostation. 

6. Elements of Machinery, — Modes of communicat- 
ing, accelerating, reversing, multiplying, and varying 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 41 

motion. Of wheels, axles, pinions, tooth work, pullies, 
racks, camms, cranks, &c. Of fly wheels. Of friction. 

7. Arts of Horology. — Hour glass, clepsydra, sun 
dial, watches, clocks, &c. 

8. Arts of Texture, — Preparation of flexible fibres. 
Of twisting, spinning, weaving, &c. with their machine- 
ry. Of felting and paper-making. 

9. Arts of Metallurgy. — Melting, alloying, temper- 
ing, annealing, forging, welding, soldering, stamping, 
coining, &c. 

10. Arts of Vitrification. — Manufacture of glass. Sili- 
ceous, alkaline, and metallic ingredients. Of melting, 
blowing, casting, tempering, colouring ; cutting, grind- 
ing, polishing. 

11. Arts of Induration by Heat. — Of bricks and 
terra cotta. Manufacture of pottery and porcelain. Si- 
liceous and argillaceous ingredients. Of turning, mould- 
ing, casting, burning, glazing, enamelling, colouring, &:c. 

VJ. Arts of Sculpture, Modelling, and Casting. — 
Mechanical processes of sculpture. Of modelling. Of 
casting. Of moulds. Preparation and consolidation of 
plaster. 

13. Art of Writing. — History of writing on wood, 
metals, stones, papyrus, parchment, paper. Stylus, cal- 
amus, pencils, pens, ink, &c. 

14. Arts of Printing. — Cutting and casting of types. 
Of type metal. Mechanical processes of printing. 
Printer's press. Stereotype printing. Printing by ma- 
chinery. Correcting the press. History of printing. 

15. Arts of Drawing and Painting. — Philosophical 
principles of perspective, of light and shade, of colouring. 
Nature of colouring substances. Painting in water, in 
oil, in wax, in fresco, in distemper. 

16. Arts of Engraving and Lithography. — Engrav- 
ing on copper and other metals. Engraver's instruments. 
Line engraving, stippling, etching, mezzotinto, aqua- 
tinta, &c. Of the rolling press. Of wood engravings. 

6 



42 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. II.] 

Of coloured engravings. Of lithography, its principles 
and processes. 

To illustrate the foregoing lectures, the Professor 
makes use of an extensive apparatus of models, ma- 
chines, instruments, and specimens. 

Rumford Professor. 

Inaugurated 

1816 Jacob Bigelow. 



ALFORD PROFESSOR OF NATURAL RELIGION, MORAL 
PHILOSOPHY, AND CIVIL POLITY. 

Particular appropriation of the monies paid out of 
the estate of the late Hon. John Alford of Charlestown, 
Esquire, by the Hon. Edmund Trowbridge, Esquire, and 
Richard Gary, Esquire, executors of his last will and 
testament. 

Know all men, that whereas we, Edmund Trow- 
bridge of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex, Es- 
quire, and Richard Gary of Gharlestown in said county, 
Esquire, executors of the last will and testament of the 
Hon. John Alford, late of Gharlestown aforesaid, Esquire, 
deceased, did, at several times between the fifteenth day 
of March, A. D. 1765, and the first day of June A. D. 
1782, put into the Treasury of Harvard Gollege in 
Cambridge, thirteen hundred and sixty- two pounds, 
eight shillings, and five pence, lawful money, part of the 
said Alford's estate, to be by their Treasurer let out and 
kept upon interest, and the growing interest added to 
the principal yearly, until such a capital should be raised, 
as that the interest thereof would be sufficient to support 
in said Gollege a Professor of some particular science of 
publick utility, and then to be regularly appropriated to 
that use ; and whereas by reason of the late war, and 
the evils that attended it, this is not yet done, and there 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 43 

is no probability of such a capital being so raised dur- 
ing our lives : 

We do therefore now appropriate the said thirteen 
hundred and sixty-two pounds, eight shillings, and five 
pence, and the interest thereof in the said Treasury, to 
and for the support of a Professor of Natural Religion, 
Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity, in the said College 
forever, whose principal duty it shall be by lectures and 
private instruction to demonstrate the existence of a 
Deity or First Cause, to prove and illustrate his essential 
attributes, both natural and moral, to evince and explain 
his providence and government, together with the doc- 
trine of a future state of rewards and punishments ; also 
to deduce and enforce the obligations which man is 
under to his Maker, and the duties which he owes him, 
resulting from the perfections of the Deity, and from his 
own rational nature ; together with the most important 
duties of social life ; resulting from the several relations 
which men mutually bear to each other ; and likewise 
the several duties which respect ourselves, founded not 
only in our own interest, but also in the will of God ; 
interspersing the whole with remarks, shewing the coin- 
cidence between the doctrines of Revelation and the 
dictates of reason, in these important points ; and lastly, 
notwithstanding this coincidence, to state the absolute 
necessity and vast utility of a Divine Revelation. 

He shall also read a distinct course of lectures- upon 
that branch of Moral Philosophy which respects the Ap- 
plication of the Law of Nature to Nations and their rela- 
tive rights and duties ; and also, on the absolute neces- 
sity of civil government in some form, and the reciprocal 
rights and duties of magistrates and of the people, result- 
ing from the social compact ; and also on the various 
forms of government which have existed or may exist in 
the world, pointing out their respective advantages and 
disadvantages, and what form of government is best 
adapted to promote to greatest happiness of mankind. 

And to the end that a regular and systematical divis- 



44 FOUNDATlOr^S AND STATUTES. [IL 

ion of the foregoing subjects, and of all the other 
branches of science, which come under this Institution, 
may be had and preserved, as well as a due proportion 
of time devoted to each, it is declared, that the said 
Professor shall be under the control of the President^ 
Fellows, and Overseers of the said College, who may 
from time to time give such directions relative therero, 
as they shall judge fit and proper, and as shall be con- 
sistent with the rules and orders of this Institution. 

The said Professor shall read his lectures on JNatural 
Religion to all the four classes of undergraduates ; ihose 
on Moral Philosophy, to the two Junior classes ; and 
those on Civil Polity to the Senior class only ; provided 
nevertheless, that the Officers of the College, and resi- 
dent Graduates, as likewise such other gentlemen as 
the Corporation shall permit, shall have a right to attend 
all or any of the lectures aforementioned. 

Such Professor shall be chosen by the President and 
Fellows, and approved by the Overseers of the said Col- 
lege, when there shall in their judgment be a sufficient 
fund for his support, raised either in the manner afore- 
said, or for the present with the assistance of the Col- 
lege or otherwise, until he can properly be supported in 
the manner first proposed. But notwithstanding such 
temporary assistance, the said John Alford, Esq. shall 
be deemed and considered as the Founder of this Pro- 
fessorship, and the Professor shall be called the Alford 
Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and 
Civil Polity. 

And we do hereby institute and appoint, that the said 
Professor shall, from time to time, as occasion may re- 
quire, be elected by the President and Fellows, and ap- 
proved by the Overseers of the the said College ; that 
he shall be a Master of Arts, and bear the character of 
a learned, pious, and honest man ; that he shall be at 
all times under the care and inspection of the said Pres- 
ident, Fellows, and Overseers, who shall order and ap- 
point the times and places for reading his publick and 
private lectures, and see that the Professor duly attend 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 45 

the business of his office, and faithfully discharge the 
trust aforesaid, reposed in him ; and as a regular and 
faithful discharge thereof will be sufficient to employ 
his whole time and thoughts, he shall not, while he 
holds the said office, be a pastor or teacher of any 
church or congregation, or an instructer in any other 
science ; that the said Professor shall hold his office 
during his good behaviour, and that he be removable 
from it by the said President, Fellows, and Overseers, 
for want of ability to execute the trust, or for misbeha- 
viour in the office, or for immoral and scandalous beha- 
viour out of it. 

That the Professor, on the day of his Inauguration, 
shall, in the presence of the President, Fellows, and 
Overseers of the said College, profess and declare him- 
self to be of the Protestant Reformed Religion, and a 
member of a Protestant church, and shall promise to 
discharge with diligence and fidelity, the sacred trust 
aforesaid reposed in him ; that he will endeavour, as 
well by his example as otherwise, to encourage and 
promote virtue, true religion, and piety ; and that he will 
religiously observe the aforesaid Institutes of the Foun- 
der of this Professorship. 

That upon the death or removal of a Professor, the 
vacancy shall be filled up by the President, Fellows, 
and Overseers (in the same manner as the former Pro- 
fessor was appointed) with a person in all respects 
qualified for the office, and prepared as aforesaid to exe- 
cute it. 

Witness our hands and seals this eighteenth dav of 
February, A. D. 1789. 

EDMUND TROWBRIDGE, [l. s.] 
RICHARD CARY, [l. s.] 
Signed, sealed, and delivered 

in presence of 
John Foxcroft, ? u .i • j m i -j 

James Fillebrown, J ^^ '^^ ^'-"'^ Trowbridge. 

David Devons, ) , r*. , i r^ i- 
Samcel Cart, \ ^^ ^''^^'^ ^^'^^ ^^^^ 



46 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [11. 

In conformity to the foregoing Institution a Professor 
was chosen, A. D. 1817, and he proceeded to execute 
the duties of his office by giving Private and Publick 
Lectures as prescribed by law, till incapacitated for ser- 
vice by the disease which closed his valued life in 1822. 
The income of the foundation not being sufficient for 
the adequate support of a Professor, the choice of a suc- 
cessor has been postponed, to give time for the accumu- 
lation of the fund. 

Alford Professor of Natural Religion^ Moral Philoso- 
pliy^ and Civil Polity, 

Inaugurated Died 

1817 Levi Frisbie - . > . 1822 



, UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR OF LAW. 

This Professorship was established May 14, 1817, 
with a view to the Law School, which was soon after 
opened at Cambridge under the patronage of the Uni- 
versity, and the Statutes were enacted as follows : 

1. Some Counsellor, learned in the law, shall be elected, 
to be denominated ^' University Professor of Law," who 
shall reside in Cambridge, and open and keep a school 
for the instruction of Graduates of this, or any other 
University, and of such others, as, according to the rules 
of admission as attornies, may be admitted after live 
years' study in the office of some counsellor. 

2. It shall be the duty of this officer, with the 
advice of the Royall Professor of Law, to prescribe a 
course of study, to examine and confer with the Stu- 
dents upon the subjects of their studies, and to read lec- 
tures to them appropriate to the course of their studies, 
and their advancement in the science, and generally to 
act the part of a Tutor to them in such manner as will 
best improve their minds and assist their acquisitions. 



II.] FOUND A.TIONS AND STATUTES. 47 

3. The compensation for this instruction is to be de- 
rived from the Students ; and a sum not exceeding one 
hundred dollars a year shall be paid by each one attach- 
ing himself to the school ; but this sum shall be subject 
to be reduced hereafter by the Corporation, if in their 
judgment the emolument of the school shall make such 
reduction reasonable, and consistent with the interests 
of the establishment. 

4. The Students shall have access to the College 
Library, on such terms as the Government of the Uni- 
versity shall prescribe ; and a complete \rw library be 
obtained for their use, as soon as means for that purpose 
may be found. 

5. The Students shall be permitted to board in Com- 
mons, on the same terms as the other members of the 
College, and such accommodation shall be afforded them 
in respect to lodging-rooms, as may consist with the 
urgent claims of the existing establishment. 

6. As an excitement to diligence and good conduct, a 
degree of Bachelor of Laws shall be instituted at the 
University, to be conferred on such Students as shall 
have remained at least eighteen months at the Univer- 
sity School, and passed the residue of their noviciate in 
the office of some counsellor of the Supreme Judicial 
Court of this Commonwealth, or who shall have remain- 
ed three years in the school, or, if not a Graduate of any 
College, five years, provided the Professor having charge 
of the same shall continue to be a practitioner in the 
Supreme Judicial Court. 

7. The Students shall have the privilege of attending 
the Lectures of the Royall Professor of Law free of 
expense, and shall have access to the other lectures of 
the University usually allowed to be attended by resi- 
dent Graduates, without charge, or for such reasonable 
compensation as the Corporation, with the assent of the 
Overseers, shall determine. 

8. The Law Students shall give bonds for the pay- 
ment of the College dues, including the charge of the 



48 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 

Professor for instruction, which shall be inserted in the 
quarter bills, and collected by the College officer ; and 
the sums received for instruction shall, when received, 
be paid over by said officer to the Professor. 

9. The Law Students shall be on the same footing 
generally, in respect to privileges, duties, and observance 
of all College regulations, as by the laws pertain to Resi- 
dent Graduates. 



At a subsequent meeting of the Corporation it was 
agreed, that the Steward should pay to the Professor 
quarterly the sums charged in the quarter bills to Law 
Students, the Professor to be accountable for any ulti- 
mate loss. 

It was voted also to afford two rooms in College 
House No. 2, for the use of the Professor and for the 
Law Library, free of rent. 

The Professor gives lectures, and attends to disserta- 
tions written by the Students on the subjects of their 
studies. 

University Professor of Law, 

Inaugurated 

1817 Asahel Stearns. 



DEXTER PROFESSOR OF SACRED LITERATURE. 

Samuel Dexter, Esq. by his Will dated February 
12, 1799, and Codicils dated 1802 and 1809, bequeath- 
ed ^5000, *' to be applied solely and entirely to the 
promoting of a critical knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, 
under the management and direction of the President 
and Fellows of Harvard College, in conjunction with 
five associates to be by them elected, to consist of three 
clerical and two lay gentlemen. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 49 

In the year 1811, in compliance with the design of 
the foregoing bequest, the Trustees established the office 
of Dexter Lecturer. The gentleman first chosen to this 
office was arrested in his preparation for the duties of 
his appointment by untimely death, and his next suc- 
cessor in the place found his health insufficient for un- 
dertaking the service. The gentleman then chosen 
delivered courses of lectures in 1815 and 1816. 

On the 17th of November, 18 18, the Corporation, 
with a view to increase the means of Theological edu- 
cation by additional Professors, " voted, that meetings 
of the Trustees of the Society for promoting Theological 
Education at the University, and also of the Trustees 
of the Dexter Fund, be called, in order that it may be 
ascertained how far those Boards respectively may be 
ready to concur with the Corporation in measures rela- 
tive to the object above stated." 

At a meeting of the Trustees of the Society for pro- 
moting Theological Education at Harvard University, 
December 8, 1818, it was voted, 

'' That this Board will appropriate a portion of the 
funds at its disposal not exceeding seven hundred and 
forty dollars annually, to enable the Corporation, with 
the assent of the Overseers, to establish an addi- 
tional Professor in the Faculty of Theology in the 
University, whose attention shall be given, free of ex- 
pense, to the meritorious Students in Theology of limited 
means, resident at the University, and also to such other 
Students of Theology as the Corporation shall permit 
or require to attend upon his instructions on such terms 
as that Board shall prescribe. 

'* His instruction shall comprehend the several branches 
of Sacred Literature (or scriptural criticism,) excepting 
such branch or branches as he may be authorized to 
omit, as being comprised in the instruction given by 
some other Professor or Instructer in the College. 

" The Professor, as the Corporation from time to time 
may prescribe or authorize, shall give instruction by 
7 



50 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

private and publick lectures, with the occasional exami- 
nation of the Students and requisition of exercises and 
compositions ; provided, that he deliver publick lectures 
not less than twice in each term,* on which he shall 
examine the Theological Students ; provided also, that 
he have a private lecture not less than three times a 
week in term-time, said lecture to be precomposed or 
conducted in the manner pointed out in the plan of in- 
struction for the Theological Seminary communicated to 
this Board in the year 1816." 

'1 At a meeting of the Trustees of the Dexter Fund, 
May 15, 1818, voted ; 

'* That 'if the Corporation, with the assent of the Over- 
seers, shall deem it expedient to establish a Professor of 
Biblical Criticism, or Sacred Literature, they be au- 
thorized to appropriate towards the payment of his 
salary the income of the Dexter Fund ; provided, that 
the Professor shall be denominated Dexter Professor, 
and that a sum not less than one thousand dollars from 
the said Fund shall be put at interest, subject to the dis- 
posal of the Trustees." 

The foundation of this Professorship being thus laid, 
the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, enact- 
ed the Statutes. By these, the Professor is to perform 
such duties in the Theological Institution of the Univer- 
sity as may from time to time be assigned by the Cor- 
poration, including those specified by the Trustees of 
the Society above named. He is to have the privileges 

* At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard College 
and the Trustees of the Society for promoting Theological Education 
at Harvard University, August 10, 1820. 

Whereas by the Statutes of the Dexter Professorship, established 
in concurrence with the Corporation and the Trustees of the Dexter 
Fund by this Board, the Dexter Professor is required to give not 
less than two publick lectures each term ; and whereas the Professor 
has requested that, when he shall find it convenient, he may be per- 
mitted to give the number of lectures thus required, consecutively, in 
any single term, 

Voted, that his request be granted. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 51 

and powers pertaining to the Professors of the College 

generally, and to make the usual promises and engage- 
ments. 



The Professor was chosen and introduced into office 
August, A. D. 1819. 

His duties as an Instructer are confined to the Grad- 
uates, Students of Theology ; he superintends the three 
Classes of such Students in the critical study of the New 
Testament ; hears them read dissertations on subjects of 
Theology, on which he remarks ; examines them regu- 
larly in some book explaining the rules of interpretation, 
and attends on one evening in the week to the delivery 
of sermons by the Students ; and delivers biennially to 
the two older Classes, a course of Lectures on the inter- 
pretation of the New Testament. 

Dexter Lecturers upon Sacred Literature, 

Appointed Died or resigned 

1811 Joseph Stevens Buckminster - 1812 

1812 William Ellery Channing - 1813 

1813 Andrews Norton - - - 1819 



Dexter Professor of Sacred Literature, 

Inaugurated 

1819 Andrews Norton, 



PROFESSOR OF MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. 

In the month of January 1821, a Professorship of 
Mineralogy and Geology was instituted, several friends 
of the University having proffered an annual subscription 
for three years in aid of the design. 

It was made the duty of the Professor to attend to 
the preservation and disposition and increase of the 
Mineral Cabinet ; to give publick and private instruc- 
tion in Geology at the University, and, after the ensuing 
year, to deliver at Cambridge, the course on Chemistry. 



52 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL 

before assigned to the Erving Professor of Chemistry. 

The Professor of Mineralogy having relinquished his 
office in the autumn of the next foHowing year, the fore- 
going duties have recently been assigned to a gentle- 
man as Lecturer in Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geolo- 
gy, who is to reside at Cambridge. 

Professor of Mineralogy and Geology, 

Appointed Resigned 

1821 Joseph Green Cogswell - - 1822 



1824 John White Webster, Lecturer. 



OF OTHER OFFICERS NOT ON FOUNDATIONS, AND 
SEVERAL GENERAL REGULATIONS AND STATUTES.* 

1. ''The Executive Government of the College is 
vested in the President, Professors, Tutors, Librarian, 
Regent, and Proctors, who shall severally exercise 
such powers and perform such duties, as have been 
or shall be assigned to them by the Corporation and 
Overseers." 

2. " The President, the Professors not exempted by 
the tenure of their offices, and the Tutors, with the 
other officers at any time designated, constitute the 
Immediate Government of the University " 

3. " The several officers in their individual capacity, 
or as members of the Immediate Government, are to 
exert their authority and influence in maintaining disci- 
pline, and promoting virtue, piety, and good learning in 
the Society ; to notice and punish violations of the laws; 
to refer offences, exceeding the power of a single officer 
to punish, to the Immediate Government, and to afford 
the President and Government their information, advice, 
and co-operation." 

* See MS Laws of College, respecting duties and compensations; 
aUo printed laws, ed. 1790, 1798, 1807, 1814, 1816, and 1820. 



II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 63 

4. " The President is to reside constantly at Cam- 
bridge. The Professors, unless specially exempted, are 
to reside constantly at Cambridge ; having chambers in 
the College, or dwelling near it. The Tutors, the Li- 
brarian, the Regent, and the Proctors, shall have cham- 
bers in the College. The officers living in the College 
are to be in Commons, unless exempted, in case of sick- 
ness, by vote of the Corporation, and in other cases by 
the Corporation with the assent of the Overseers. 

5. " The Tutors" shall be chosen for a term not ex- 
ceeding three years, at the expiration of which a new 
election shall be made by the Corporation and presented 
to the Overseers for their acceptance." 

6. The Librarian, chosen in like manner for three 
years, shall have like power and authority as the Tutors, 
and act with the Immediate Government. 

7. The Regent, Proctors, and Assistant Librarian, 
shall exercise the same inspection and authority as a 
parietal Tutor. The Regent is to make up the quarter 
bills, and also to keep the book of absences. 

8. " Whereas it is inexpedient, on divers accounts, 
that any Class should make presents to any one in the 
instruction or government of the College, it is expected, 
that the President, Professors, Tutors, and Librarian, 
discourage any attempt to make and absolutely decline 
accepting any such presents." 

9. '' No person shall sustain any office in the execu- 
tive part of the Government of the College, who has the 
pastoral care of a church, or who holds any civil office, 
except the office of justice of the peace; and whoever 
shall accept such pastoral care, or any civil office, except 
that of justice of the peace, shall be considered as re- 
signing his place at College, and the same shall be void, 
and a new election shall take place." 

10. One of the Immediate Government is Registrar, 
and keeps a record of the votes of the Board and one of 
the same body is Inspector of the publick edifices, su- 
perintends repairs, and the like. 

* See Appendix B. 



54 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. II.] 

11. In December 1810, it was voted, " that the sal- 
aries last granted to the present officers of the College 
be their annual salaries, to be paid to them quarter- 
yearly, until the same shall be altered by this Board, 
with the approbation of the Overseers." [See Treasu- 
rer's Statement, No. I.] 

In the year 1814, a grant was made in addition to 
the salaries of certain of the officers to be paid quarter- 
yearly, till further determined by the Corporation, with 
the assent of the Overseers. 

Lihrarian. 

Appointed 

1823 Charles Folsom. 



Tutors, 



1820 George Otis, Tutor in Latin. 
1820 James Hayward, Tutor in Mathematicks and 
Nat. Phil. 



Regent. 
1820 John Fessenden. 



Proctor, 

1821 George Rapall Noyes. 

Assistant Lihrarian. 

1822 John Porter- 



APPENDIX. 



A. 

For some time after the institution of the first Professorships, as 
well as before, the instruction seems to have been given almost 
wholly by the Tutors, each Tutor taking the charge of a Class in the 
several branches of study. In 1766, a new plan of study was adopted, 
in which each of the Tutors was required to superintend the instruc- 
tion in one leading branch of study only, the several Classes attend- 
ing in succession ; and the number of departments into which the 
studies were divided was four, according to the number of Tutors, 
namely : 1. Latin, 2. Greek, 3. Logick and Metaphysicks, 4. Math- 
ematicks and Natural Philosophy. 

In 1776, this plan was modified, so as to excuse the Students 
entirely from exercises in the languages during the last year, while 
the number of exercises in these departments was increased during 
the first year in the same proportion. This plan seems to have con- 
tinued without material alteration down to the year 1814, when the 
present arrangement was introduced. Moreover, about this time, on 
account of the increased number of the Students and the subdivision 
of the Classes, an additional Tutor both in the Languages and in the 
Mathematicks was appointed. The changes, and the great number 
of new departments that have since been provided for, have not 
abridged in any degree the duties of the Professor of Mathematicks. 
There is, indeed, no account of any deduction from the number of 
exercises and lectures originally required while the Founder was 
yet living, who seems to have been consulted and to have taken a 
great interest in all that related to his Professorships. Some import- 
ant additions, however, have been made to the duties of this office. 
In 1785, a course of fifteen lectures on Astronomy, not provided for 
in the Statutes, was prescribed by the Corporation and Overseers. 
This number has since, at the discretion of the Professor, been con- 
siderably increased, as well as that of the other two courses on 
Theoretical and Experimental Physicks. These two latter courses, 
moreover, have since been combined together in one connected 
series of lectures, that are continued from day to day, till the whole 
is finished. They are also confined to one Class, and given while 
this Class is attending the recitations in Natural Philosophy ; and 
the Theoretical course, as well as the Experimental, is repeated every 
year, instead of being delivered once in four years, as prescribed in 
the Statutes. 



56 APPENDIX. [II. 

About the time of the adoption of the present system of studies, 
the Professor of Mathematicks took charge of the private exercises 
in Astronomy, instead of the same number of exercises in the pure 
Mathematicks, by wa}'^ of exchange with the Tutors, for the purpose 
of uniting the recitations with the lectures in this department. 

B. 

In September 1811, it was " voted by the Corporation, with the 
assent of the Overseers, that the annual salary of any Tutor who 
shall have been in office more than three years, and not exceeding 
six, shall be eight hundred dollars, to be paid to him quarter-yearly, 
so long as he shall remain Tutor ; and that the annual salary of any 
Tutor who shall have been in office more than six years shall be one 
thousand dollars, to be paid to him quarter-yearly, so long as he shall 
remain Tutor. And be it further voted, that any Tutor who shall 
have been in office more than six years, shall have the style and 
rank of Professor of the department of which he is an Instructer, so 
long as he shall remain Tutor ; provided, however, that said Pro- 
fessor be entitled to all the privileges, and subject to all the duties to 
which, as Tutor he would be entitled and suljject, and that the ten- 
ure of his office remain the same, he being bound to such further duties 
connected with his department, and entitled to such exemptions as 
shall be determined by the Corporation, with the assent of the Over- 
seers."* The first of the Professors following, became so in conse- 
quence of the foregoing vote. The two others were appointed with 
the same tenure of office, by a special vote of the two College Boards. 

College Professors of Latin, 
Appointed Resigned ' 

1811 Levi Frisbie - - - - 1817 
1817 John Brazer - - . 1820 

College Professor of Greek. 

1811 AshurWare - - - - 1815 

The office of Instructer in Rhetorick and Oratory existed from 
1812 till 1817. 

Instr^icters in Rhelorick and Oratory. 

1812 Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham 1815 
1815 Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright 1817 

* This law is rescinded, except with respect to the Tutors now in office. 

27 December, 1824. 



No. III. 
ANSWERS 



OP 

THE IMMEDXATC GOVfiBNMCNT. 

TO 
QUESTIONS PROPOSED BY A 

COMMITTEE OF THE OVERSEERS. 



III. 

QUESTIONS 

PROPOSED TO 

THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT 

OP 

HARVARD COXiLEaEy 

BY THE 

COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF OVERSEERS, 

OCTOBER 16, 1824. 



1. How is the Immediate Government constituted, 
and what are its powers and duties ? What changes 
have taken place in its organization or numbers for 
twenty years past ? How often are its meetings holden, 
how much time do they occupy, and how many members 
usually attend them ? Is the business transacted by the 
whole body, or by permanent or occasional committees ; 
and in what cases have the committees power to act 
definitively ? 

2. Who are the Parietal Officers, and what are their 
powers and duties as such ? Do they hold meetings, and 
if so, how often, and for what purposes ? 

3. What practical inconveniences have resulted from 
the organization of these bodies, or either of them ? 

4. In what manner have the qualifications required for 
admission been varied during the last twenty years ? 
What is generally the age of the applicants ? How is 
their examination conducted ? Does it enable you to 
judge with confidence of their fitness for admission ? 
Are individuals often admitted who are subsequently 
found to be unqualified ? 



4 QUESTIONS. [III. 

5. Are the Classes subdivided, and in what manner ? 

6. How many private exercises and public lectures 
are attended by the Students of each Class ? 

7. How many private exercises and public lectures 
are given by each Instructer, and how much time do 
they occupy ? 

8. How many Students, on an average, are absent 
from the exercises, and how many exercises are omitted 
by the Instructers ? 

9. Are the Students required to take notes, and are 
they examined in relation to the subjects, of all the pub- 
lic lectures, and if not, what are the obstacles to this 
mode of proceeding ? Are persons not connected with 
the College admitted to the lectures of the Professors, 
or any of them, and on what terms ? 

1 0. How are the private exercises conducted ? Are 
difficulties explained, and oral instructions given at them 
or not ? 

11. How far have the Students a choice as to what 
studies they may pursue ? 

12. In what branches do the Students make more 
progress, and in what less, than at any former time 
within the knowledo^e of the Government ; and what is 
the extent of the difference, if any, for the last twenty 
years ? 

13. How are the annual examinations conducted ? 
Can you form a just estimate from them alone of the 
absolute and relative attainments of each Student in 
every branch of study ? Or do they greatly assist you 
in forming such estimate ? Can such estimate be made 
by each instructer in his own department from the reci- 
tations and lectures ? 

14. Are the absences, omissions, defaults, punish^ 
ments, acquirements, and relative rank, in every branch 
of study, of each Student recorded ; and are these re- 
cords, or any of them made publick, or are they open to 
the iaspection of the Student's friends ? 



III.] QUESTIONS. 5 

15. What is the whole amount of vacations and holi- 
days ? And what is the average amount of occasional 
absence from College in term time for each Student ? 

16. How many Students are usually employed in 
keeping schools in the winter ; and what is taught in 
those schools ? How long are they thus occupied ? 
What compensation do they receive, and what is com- 
monly the number of their pupils ? How far does this 
pursuit interfere with the prosecution of their studies, 
and what is generally tlieir character as scholars ? 

17. What honours and rewards are bestowed on 
merit, and what portion of the Students perform their 
exercises in a satisfactory manner ? 

18. What punishments are inflicted, and what tasks 
are imposed, for absence and negligence ? 

19. What is the average number of fines and their 
amount ? 

20. Are offences which were formerly punished, now 
tolerated, or the converse ? and if so, what offences, and 
to what extent ? Is there a difference, in respect to con- 
duct and rank as scholars, between Students entering 
College aged from fifteen to sixteen years, and those 
entering aged from sixteen to seventeen years ? And if 
so, what is the difference ? 

21. Have punishments been more frequent and se- 
vere of late than formerly, or less so ; and to what 
degree ? If a material change has taken place in this 
respect, can it be ascribed to any definite cause, and 
to what cause ? 

22. In what manner is the practice of the grosser 
vices punished, and what means are possessed or meas- 
ures adopted for detecting them, and how many instances 
of punishment on this account have occurred during the 
last twenty years ? 

23. What are the usual bodily exercises and amuse- 
ments of the students, and what time is allowed for 
them ? 



6 QUESTIONS. [III. 

24. What proportion of the Students reside within 
the walls and board in Commons ; and on what condi- 
tions are they allowed to reside and board in private 
families ? How long did the regulation, that all the Stu- 
dents should board in Commons, continue ? What incon- 
veniences were found to result from it ; when, and why 
was it changed, and what has been the effect of the 
<^hange ? 

25. What are the necessary expenses of a Student, 
the cost of clothing excepted ? It is wished that each 
item may be stated separately, and those included in the 
College bills distinguished. 

26. Have any of these charges been greatly increased 
or diminished within the last twenty years ; if so, 
which of them, and how much ? 

27. Are the Students less or more extravagant in 
their voluntary expenditures now than formerly ? Is 
this extravagance general ? In what description of Stu- 
dents is it most conspicuous, and in what manner is it 
principally displayed ? 

28. Has the law of the State restraining the giving 
of credit to the Students been enforced, and if so, what 
is its effect ? 

29. What other measures are adopted for regulating 
their expenses, and what is found to be their operation ? 

30. What is the relation of the Graduates to the 
College, and how far are their studies and conduct reg- 
ulated ? 

31. How many of the Graduates, and what propor- 
tion of the scholars are beneficiaries ? How much money 
do they receive ? From what funds is it derived ? By 
whom, and under what rules is it apportioned among 
them, and with what reference to their standing as to 
scholarship and moral character? 



ANSWERS 



OF THE 



IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT, 



Question 1. 

(1.) How is the Immediate Government constituted, 
and what are its powers, and duties ? (2.) What changes 
have taken place in its organization or numbers for 
twenty years past ? (3.) How often are its meetings hol- 
den, how much time do they occupy, and how many mem- 
bers usually attend them? (4.) Is the business transacted 
by the whole body, or by permanent or occasional com- 
mittees ; and in what cases have the committees powxr 
to act definitively. 

Answer 1. 

(1.) The President, Professors, Tutors, Librarian, Re- 
gent, and Proctors, are Executive Officers.* 

The Immediate Government consists of the President, 
the Professors, not exempted, and the Tutors. 

The present members of the Immediate Government 
are: 

The President. 

The Professor of Divinity. 

^* Logick and Metaphysicks. 

" Greek. 

^^ Hebrew and other Oriental Lan- 

guages. 
" Mathematicks and Natural Philoso- 

phy. 
*^ Rhetorick and Oratory. 

^^ Greek Literature. 

The Tutor in Latin. 

^' Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy. 

* See Appendix A. 



'8 ANSWERS OF THEIM MEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

Individual Executive Officers may inflict a fine ; the 
President of two dollars ; any other of one dollar. All 
other punishments rest with the Immediate Government. 

The Immediate Government, as a body, decide upon 
the admission of Students, upon most of their rewards 
and College honours, and also upon punishments beyond 
a fine. 

(2.) No changes in the organization of the Government 
have taken place within twenty years, and for a long 
period preceding. The number has of late years varied 
from ten to thirteen. The present number is ten. 

(3.) They have a stated meeting in the evening weekly, 
lasting commonly from one to three hours, at which all are 
present, unless necessarily prevented. The number of 
occasional meetings is nearly the same, except when an 
unusual state of the College requires more. 

(4.) A permanent quarterly Committee of three mem- 
bers of the Government, appointed in rotation, attends 
to the Gtuarter Bills ; judges of excuses for absence 
from College, except in particular cases, which are refer- 
red to the whole Government The accounts against Stu- 
dents for repairs are passed by the Inspecter and Regent. 
The rooms are assigned by the President and Tutors. 
A committee of the Government joined to one or more of 
the Corporation, have had charge of questions relating 
to the order and times of lectures and recitations. There 
has been a stated committee for attending to the laws 
relating to the expenditures of the Students, and another 
to see to the execution of the law establishing a uniform 
dress. 

Qtiestion 2. 

(1.) Who are the Parietal Officers, and what are their 
powers and duties as such ? (2.) Do they hold meetings, 
and if so, how often, and for what purposes? 

Answer 2. 

( 1 .) The parietal board consists of the Officers occupy- 
ing chambers in the College. They are to exercise inspec- 
tion and authority in their particular districts, as well as 



III.] ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 9 

throughout College. (2.) These officers find it useful to 
meet three times a week to take notice together of minor 
irregularities ; and use jointly the power of punishing, 
whi h each possesses as a single officer. Where they 
think an offence from its nature or repetition calls for 
se\^erer censure than they can inflict, they report it to 
the whole Government. 

Question 3. 

What practical inconveniences have resulted from the 
organization of these bodies, or either of them ? 

Answer 3. 

There are inconveniences arising from the present 
organization of the Government, particularly from its 
numerousness ; but these inconveniences are supposed 
to be compensated by greater advantages, such as the 
securing of harmony and mutual support among all the 
Officers ; the union of all the knowledge of different 
individuals, as to facts and characters in any case, which 
knowledge is often of such a nature as to be brought out 
only in the course of the proceedings ; the greater con- 
fidence of the Students and the publick, and the influence 
given to each Instructer from his being a member of that 
body which judges in the last resort. It is further ob- 
served, that if we would have offences rightly ascertain- 
ed and estimated, and censured with uniformity and 
efficiency, — if we would have a consistent and effectual 
discipline, we must exercise the executive power in a 
body ; that this is the only way to keep up a good un- 
derstanding among the Officers, and acquaint each with 
the views and practice of the others, and with all the 
changes that are to be introduced ; — the only way to 
prevent confusion of all kinds, and to make the Students 
feel that there is some power to be obeyed. 
2 



10 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL 

The evils of the present organization are liable to be 
differently estimated. It is the prevailing belief of this 
Board that any essential change is not expedient. The 
authorizing of a part of the body to take cognizance of 
business of common and continual occurrence, with pow- 
er to punish below suspension, is deemed worthy of trial. 

Question 4. 

(1.) In what manner have the Qualifications required 
for Admission been varied during the last twenty years r 
(2.) What is generally the Ageof the applicants ?7(3.) How 
is their Examination conducted ? Does it enable you to 
judge wdth confidence of their fitness for admission ? Are 
individuals often admitted who are subsequently found 
to be unqualified ? 

Answer 4. 

(1.) Previously to 1803, candidates for admission were 
examined in '' Tully, Virgil, the New Testament, the 
Rules of Grammar and Prosody, and the Writing of 
Latin." Since that time, the following additional books 
and studies have been required, viz : in 180.^, the four 
fundamental rules of Arithmetick and Proportion, Sal- 
lust, and Collectanea Graeca Minora; in 1807, Modern 
Geography ; in 1808, Ancient Geography ; in 1806, the 
remainder of Arithmetick ; in 1819, Algebra to the end 
of Simple Equations. 

(2.) The following is the average of the ages of the 
classes for the years stated. 





Class 


enterins: 


1752. 


2 


12 to 13 




1 


13 


(i 


14 




5 


14 


(.(, 


15 




5 


13 


(.(. 


16 




1 


16 


if. 


17 




6 


17 


a 


18 




3 


18 


(.(. 


19 




1 


20 








I 


22 











1753. 




1 


121 




8 


14 to 


15 


.2 


15 " 


16 


2 


16 '' 


17 


4 


17 " 


18 


1 


19 





average 15 years 5 months- 



>5 average 16 years 3 months. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 11 
Class entering 1754. 



2 


12f 




1 


isj 




5 


14 to 


15 


5 


15 " 


16 


6 


16 ^' 


17 


3 


17 '^ 


18 


3 


18 '' 


19 


2 


19 " 


20 


1 


20 




1 


28i 







1755. 




4 


13 to 


14 


5 


14 " 


15 


9 


15 '• 


16 


5 


16 " 


17 


5 


17 ^' 


18 


3 


18 " 


19 


2 


19 '' 


20 


2 


20 




1 


21i 




1 


23f 





29 average 16 years 7 months, 37 average 16 years 6 months. 



1 


806. 


2 


13 to 14 


11 


14 " 15 


19 


15 " 16 


22 


16 " 17 


8 


17 " 18 


2 


18 " 19 


2 


19 " 20 


3 


20 " 21 


2 


21 " 22 


3 


22 " 23 


1 


23 





1807. 


2 


12 to 13 


4 


13 " 14 


16 


14 " 15 


12 


15 " 16 


11 


16 " 17 


7 


17 " 18 


3 


18 " 19 


3 


19 " 20 


2 


20 


1 


21f 



75 average 16 years 5 months. 



61 average 16 years. 



1808. 



1 


13f 


7 


14 to 15 


12 


15 '^ 16 


6 


16 " 17 


4 


17 " 18 


1 


181 


3 


19 " 20 


2 


21i 



36 average 16 years 4 months. 





1809. 


6 


13 to 14 


3 


14 " 15 


20 


15 " 16 


9 


16 " 17 


5 


17 " 18 


3 


18 " 19 


3 


19 " 20 


1 


21i 


1 


22i 



51 average 16 years 5 months. 



12 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [Ill, 





Class entering 1820. 




1821. 


2 


13 to 14 


2 


13 to 14 


8 


14 "15 


8 


14 " 15 


24 


15 " 16 


26 


15 " 16 


19 


16 " 17 


24 


16 " 17 


]8 


17 " 18 


10 


17 " 18 


7 


18 " 19 


3 


18 " 19 


3 


19 " 20 


2 


19 " 20 


3 


20 " 21 


1 


20 


2 


21 " 22 


2 


22 " 23 


1 


23| 


1 


23 


1 


26 


— 




— 




79 1 


average 16} 


88 


average 16 years 10 months. 








1822. 




1823. 


1 


11 


3 


14 to 15 


2 


13 to 14 


21 


15 " 16 


3 


14 " 15 


18 


16 " 17 


21 


15 " 16 


10 


17 " 18 


21 


16 " 17 


9 


18 " 19 


9 


17 " 18 


1 


19 


12 


18 " 19 


3 


20 " 21 


4 


19 " 20 


1 


21 


3 


20 " 21 


2 


22 " 23 


3 


21 " 22 


1 


23i 


2 


22 " 23 


1 


26 


3 


23 " 24 







3 


24 " 26 


70 


average 17 


1 


25 







88 average 17 years 6 months. 

(3.) The Examination for admission is conducted in 
the following manner. There are usually twelve or 
thirteen Examiners, and the Candidates for admission 
are divided into as many Sections, and each Section 
passes round in order, to each of the Examiners. The 
several studies prescribed are distributed among the 
Examiners, making so many distinct branches, thus : 
1. Latin Grammar. 2. Virgil's Georgics. 3. jEneid^ 
4. Cicero's Orations. 5. Sallust. 6. The making of 
Latin. 7. Greek Grammar. 8. Prose part of Collec- 
tanea Grasca Minora. 9 Poetic part of Collectanea 
Graeca Minora. 10. Greek Testament. 11. Arithme- 
tick. 12. Algebra. 13. Geography. There are ac- 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 1^ 

cordingly six distinct Examiners in Latin, four in 
Greek, two and sometimes three in Mathematicks, and 
one in Geography. The number of Candidates in a 
division is usually from four to six, and the time em- 
ployed upon a division by each Examiner, from half an 
hour to an hour. The Examiners note at the time, by 
a uniform system of marks, whether the Candidate is 
admissible or not, and how much he is above or below 
the requisite qualifications. After the Examination is 
finished, the Examiners meet and vote, according to their 
marks, on the admission of the Candidates, a cer- 
tain number of whom come in without any question 
being made. Then the cases of those Candidates who 
were objected to in certain departments are particularly 
considered ; and if it is found that the objections are few 
and slight, and that the deficiencies are compensated by 
extraordinary merit in corresponding branches, the Can- 
didate is admitted. There is another class of Candi- 
dates in which the deficiencies are more considerable, 
or without any thing to compensate them in other analo- 
gous branches of study. Those of this description are 
admitted on the condition that the deficient studies be 
made up in the vacation, when it is judged that the time 
thus allowed will be sufficient for the purpose. When 
the deficiencies are thought to exceed this amount, the 
Candidate is rejected. The number so rejected, varies 
from two to eight or ten. It was six in 1820 ; six in 
1821 ; three in 1822 ; four in 1823. The Government 
rarely mistake in their estimate of the qualifications of 
Candidates. In a few instances, from compassion or other 
considerations, they have admitted persons whom they at 
the time did not think properly qualified. In these cases 
they have found their first judgment confirmed by the 
daily recitations. 

The examination in Latin and Greek is likely to be 
more effectual from the circumstance of there being so 
many independent Examiners in each. This is in a de- 
gree compensated in Arithmetick and Algebra by the 
manner in which the examination is conducted. 



14 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IlL 

Questions are selected which involve the rules and prin- 
ciples that the Candidate is required to know. Ten or 
twelve of these questions, previously prepared, are given 
to each of the Candidates, with a slate and pencil, and 
each is accordingly employed during the whole time the 
division is present. The question of admissibility is 
soon settled with regard to four fifths of the Candidates, 
and the greater part of the time is spent with the 
remaining fifth, comprehending the doubtful cases. 

If the examination were intended to operate as an 
excitement upon those who are preparing for College 
to exceed the bare amount of knowledge required, more 
time ought to be allowed them to display the knowledge 
they have been so long acquiring, and several days, or 
perhaps a week, would be found hardly sufficient for 
forming an accurate judgment as to their relative merit ; 
and this, after all, would only be anticipating the work 
of one or two terms in College. 

The object of those who have been in the Govern- 
ment for a course of years, has been to raise the 
qualifications gradually, not only by the addition occa- 
sionally of new books and new studies, but by insisting 
upon a more exact and thorough knowledge of such as 
are prescribed ; and considerably more, it is believed, 
has actually been effected in this way, than by the for- 
mal requisition of new books. It is a long, slow, and 
difficult work to set higher the standard of instruction 
in the numerous academies and private schools where 
young men are prepared for College ; yet this has been 
done very perceptibly, and is still doing. There has 
been no relaxation on the part of the Government. The 
Candidates come to the Examination now with a much 
greater amount of knowledge than was exacted fifteen 
years ago, and yet, upon an average, the proportional 
number refused admission continues about the same. 

Question 5. 
(1.) Are the Classes subdivided, (2.) and in what 
manner ? 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 15 

Answer 5. 
(1.) The classes are heard in divisions or halves, and 
in sections or quarters, as follows : 

DIVISIONS. 

Latin, - - - Juniors. 

Greek, - - Fresh. Soph, and Jun. 

Mathematicks, first term and > q • ^ 
, ,^ 1 ' , > oeniors. 

half the second, - ) 

Natural Philosophy, - Juniors. 

Logick, - - Soph 



omores. 



Ethicks, - - - Juniors. 

Rhetorick, - - Sophomores. 

Theology, - - Juniors. 

English Grammar, - Freshmen. 

Forensicks, - - Juniors and Seniors. 

SECTIONS. 

Latin, - - Freshmen and Sophomores. 

Mathematicks, (principally) Fresh. Soph, and Jun. 

(2.) The subdivisions are made alphabetically, with 
periodical interchanges of sections. Two years ago, in 
one department, a trial was made of dividing a Class 
into five or six sub-sections, according to their proficien- 
cy ; but on account of particular difficulties attending it, 
it was discontinued. As this mode of classification 
was only very partially adopted, the experiment did not 
afford ground for judging of its general expediency. 

Question 6. 

How many Private Exercises and Public Lectures 
are attended by the Students of each Class ? * 

Ansiver 6. 

In Nov. 1821, the recitations and lectures attended by 
the students of the respective Classes in the several de- 
partments were as follows, and have not since been materi- 
ally varied, except as to the order, and, in a few courses, 
the number of the lectures ; viz. 

"1. The Freshman Class recite three times a day, six days 
in the week ; except that on Saturday they have two reci- 
tations, and an exercise either in reading or declaiming. 

* See the Course of Instruction and Lectures in Appendix B, 



16 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL 

^'2. The Sophomore Class have the same number of 
exercises. On Saturday morning they have an exercise 
in declaiming, and English Translation or Composition 
alternately each once a fortnight instead of an exercise 
in reading and declaiming. 

" 3. The Juniors have the same number of exercises, 
with the following exceptions, viz. 1. On Thursday 
forenoon, instead of the ordinary recitation, this Class 
have a Theme once in two weeks, and a Forensick disputa- 
tion once in four; that is, three Thursdays out of four, 
they have either a Theme or a Forensick, through the year. 
2. On Friday forenoon, they have, in the place of a recita- 
tion, a lecture upon Rhetorick or Philology, and, after the 
Seniors leave College, a Lecture from the Rumford Pro- 
fessor. 3. Instead of the declamation on Saturday, they 
have, with the Seniors, a publick declamation once a week, 
on Friday afternoon. 4. For the second exercise on Sat- 
urday morning required of the Freshmen and Sopho- 
mores, is substituted in the Junior year a Lecture in 
Theology or in Natural Philosophy.* They have more- 
over nine lectures a fortnight through the second term in 
Natural and Experimental Philosophy, for which there is no 
exercise given up. On the whole, therefore, instead of the 
regular forenoon recitations of Thursday and Friday, the 
Juniors have a Theme once a fortnight, and a Forensick 
once a month, two lectures a week through the year, and 
four lectures a week during the second term. 

'' 4. The Seniors have Themes and Forensicks on Thurs- 
day during the first term like the Juniors, except that 
the Thursday afternoon exercise gives place once a 
month to a Forensick. They have also a lecture at ten in 
the morning, and a declamation at two in the afternoon on 
Friday, and a lecture on Saturday in common with the 
Juniors, and with the same exemptions. In addition to 
these, they have three lectures a week on French Liter- 
ature, and three a week on Astronomy during the first 
term ; and one lecture a week on Greek Literature, and 

* The lectures on Natural Philosophy are now to be given in the 
second term with the experimental lectures. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 1? 

one a week from the Rumford Professor through 
the year, for which there is no dispensation from exer- 
cises except that of Tuesday forenoon* from the begin- 
ning of the second term. They have also, during the 
first half of the second term, two lectures a week on 
Moral and Political Philosophy, and four a week on Nat- 
ural Philosophy, t without any remission of their other 
duties. From the middle of the second to the middle 
of the third term (when they leave College), the ordina- 
ry forenoon exercises of Monday and Wednesday, and 
the afternoon exercises of Monday, Tuesday, and Wednes- 
day, amounting in all to sixty, give place" to the follow- 
ing additional lectures, namely, on Physiology and Rules 
of Health, on Anatomy, on Chemistry and Mineralogy, 
on Law, on Ecclesiastical History, on the Application 
of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences to the Use- 
ful Arts, and on other subjects. 

'' On most of the publick lectures the attendance is obli- 
gatory, and the student is required to be examined at sta- 
ted times on the subjects of the lectures. In several of 
the courses, as upon Anatomy, Chemistry, &:c. consid- 
erable preparatory reading is necessary on the part of 
the student. Provision is also made in the arrangement 
of studies for attendance upon the lectures on Natural 
History, which is not required by law. 

" It is to be recollected, moreover, that it is during this 
year, that the diligent and faithful student is to find time 
to prepare his literary and scientifick performances, his 
Dissertations for Prizes, &c." 



The lectures and exercises to be given are arranged by 

the Committee of Instruction, at the beginning of each 

I* College year, and are liable therefore to some variation. 

* The Tuesday forenoon Lesson has been given up only since the 
Lectures on Greek Literature began. 

f By a late arrangement, the Seniors will not attend the Lectures 
on Natural Philosophy. Heretofore the two upper classes have at- 
tended at the same time. 

3 



Is ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL 

For the last two years the publick lectures have been 
given to the classes separately, and at short intervals, as 
appears from the Plan of Lectures for 1823. [See Ap- 
pendix B.] 

The number of lessons, exercises, and lectures, for tbe 
several classes is as follows : 

Lessons^ Exercises, and Lectures for Undergraduates. 



LESSOiNS. 


Fresh. 


Soph. 


Jun. 


Sen. 


TotaL 


Greek - - -. . 


189 


137 


6Q 




392 


do. Substitute foi Hebrew 






19 




19 


Latin - - - _ 


189 


i3r 


48 




374 


do. Substitute for Hebrew 






19 




19 


Algebra - - - - 


91 


16 






107 


Geometry - - 


69 


47 






116 


Analytical Geometry 




HI 


32 




143 


Topography - - - 






30 


32 


62 


Natural Philosophy 






7^ 




78 


Astronomy - - - 






2,7 


2>^ 


7'i 


Chemistry - - _ 








62 


62 


Fluxions. Substitute for Chemistry 








62 


62 


Mathematicks. Substitute for Hebrew 






38 




38 


Logick and Intellectual Philosophy 




54 


72 


21 


147 


Moral and Political Philosophy 






18 


99 


117 


Theology ^ - 






35 


12 


47 


Hebrew - - - _ 






38 




38 


English Grammar 


12^ 








12 


Rhetorick - - - - 


S6 


62 






97 


History and Antiquities 


33 


33 






m 


Declamations - 




20 


34 


34* 


54 


Themes 




14 


17 


11 


42 


French and Spanish Languages 


156 


156 


180 


195 


687 


Forensick Disputations 






9 


7 


16 


LECTURES. 












Theology (38 to the whole University^ 


) 






^% 


7(x 


Astronomy _ - - 








2>(^ 




Natural Philosophy 






58 






Chemistry - - - 








45 




Mineralogy 








30 




Law _ - - - 








17 
r 15 




Anatomy 








\ to 
r 20 





*' The Juniors and Seniors attend a publick declamation together. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 1^ 



LECTURES, [continued.] 


Fresh. 


Soph. 


Jun. 


Sen. Total 


Universal Grammar 






36 




French Language and Literature 






f 30 
< to 


55 


Rhetorick and Oratory 














(34 




Greek Literature 








51 


Application of the Sciences to the Arts 








40 


Physiology, and Rules of Health 








6 


Natural History 








20 



The foregoing are the Exercises and Lectures which 
the Students have an opportunity, and, with a few ex- 
tjeptions, are under an obligation to attend. The atten- 
dance on the lessons in French and Spanish is vohjntary, 
except about 40, given to such of the Junior Class as 
choose this substitute for Hebrew. The voluntary les- 
sons are given at vacant hours between the stated ex- 
ercises. 



Question 7. 

How many private exercises and public lectures are 
given by each Instructor, and how much time do they 
occupy ? 

Answer 7* 

The Answer to this Question is in the following 
Table. ' 



20 



ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 






[TIL 



^ 






'^. 









•sajnjoai 
JO i^iox 


SS 




i> 








«c 


S 22 g 


«5 


JO arajxiq 


H« 




- 








- 




rt 


•sajnps'j 
JO OM 


5^ 


? 


i^ 








fO 


^?£?^ 


'is^ 


•suossai 
JO leiox 


g 








OS 


^ 




«5 C^ 

r-i to 





•uossa'j; »c ^ — 

qOB3 I ^^'^ 

JO a mixta 



•SUOSS9T to eq o 

JO OM ^ - ^ 



i> cq o -1 oj -^ CO 
* CO *- 




'' 




-H. ^.2 






o s a 


O 0, 




in c/2 3 




^ ^3 


£ l-§ 


22 


s2 S 2 "K u 


o 


o ^ o « c 






•c £ cH'S 




c 








e5 
x 

Q 

tn 

O 
m 
en 
W 
1^ 



o 

Q 

CO 

s 










§ 




P 




<j5 




<£ 


Q 


oT 












-^ 


S 


a 


t-i 


o 


o 


m 


oT 


en 


IS 




g 


u 


^ 


0) 


o 

1-5 




< 




1 


S 

CO 


B 
O 



^ 

tf 



.2 

o 






» o 



IIL] ANSWERS O^ THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 21 



•sajn)09i 

JO ]18?OX 








s 


i§ 


l§ 




CO 








•aainaa'j ^ 
JO 8ai!j[l35 








<^b-^ 




- 




-H?) 






1— 1 


•sajnpai 
POM 








§ 


§ gi 


I§ 




CO 


- 




s 


•suossa'j 
JO I^jox 


t^ 


CO 


s 




CI 




^ 




s 






•uossaig. 

q3B8 |, 

JO araixii: 


-- 


Ol « 


-^co 




CO 




- 










•suossai ; 
JO -OM 


35 00 

* 


cc c 


^1 




cq 




^ 




i¥ 


Tf t^l 


*-s 



















6 




^ 


T-. «= 




w 








W « '5^ CO 


to 


to 


£ 


. Philo 

iors 

onomy 


£ * s2 


S2 S 




t 


1 


O to 


„ 


o 

S 
o 


T 


n S 




.2 .2 g .2 


o 


C 


o 


.2^.2 


.2'f= 


^ 


o 


i5 


s 


o 


.2.2 




c = ?. c 


c 


2 


a 


III 


eras 


3 O 


« 


c 


'J 


Cc 


vo 


o. 


a 


c a 




« 3 r*^ 3 
CO Hi K, p-j 


OJ « 3 


cwOcfi 


crjfj-G? 


H^ 


q 


O 3 


e; 


o 


^c^cg 




"^ "V 




^— 




- — ^ 


— ' 




— 








- — V— 


— 


— ^ 


— 


— ' 


03 

l-H 

u 












^ . 










< 










« 












<^. 


•« 








bo 










» 










S' 


o 
















< 


x 












c 








s 










1^ 

Q 




















s 








1 
4> 


^ 


*5 








g 


^:& 


o 








, 








> 


-JJ 


s 








6J> 








H 








H 


CO 


u 








Pi4 


|CQ 


O 








T? 








'S 


^ 


> 








O 


«^ 


O 








CQ 










O 
cc 

tf2 


s 








S 








is 








3 


































I-] 








































ii 




-S-- 








^ 












t^ 








1- 


«r 






























J3^ 




^i 








O 








2 












lo a< 


g s 








'O 








3 


r-l 


3 
£ 

o 








II 

1= 


French and 
Languages 
terature, 








1 








1 

1 



22 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 



tc JO [B^ox 

P T10B9 I ^ 



JO -oisl 



•snossai S ^ S 2? 

JO |Biox -^ o' TT cq 



•UOSS9'J ?= 

JO aaiixS: 



SU0SS91 ^WJ^_ cCQ0COiO^C)>C'LOQ0.ncOt^ Oi 

JO -o^si :;:♦ X « .^rr x^"" •^-"" 



2 o^ o S.-^ 2 o o J 2^2 

i-H .„ tn .— -5 t« '5 "" '^ ^ "X c« "5 •'-> ■— c r; 

C s ^- 3 S 1- O 3 <V i' O J- O = Qi J^ ^^ r'^ Z'Zl •» 

a: H, Lu 1-5 "52 fe C« >-? C» pt+ C» i- C/2 1-5 CK O O O 5 *< M 




o^ 



§ '^^ ^ 

s 1 < ^ ^^ 

^ o & <u tj 

r» J « a: s „ 2 



O) 






a S S fa ^ ^ 



73 "rt 




,a 


u u 
















2 


ei ai 




S S 




fa ^ 


<o 






^ pa 




e'S 








c4 ce 




•- a 


S .^ 




t.t 








fc. t. 







0-50 


3 


S'S 


CH cj 


H 




OJ 3 




S3 


02 l-S 




l-H 



III.] ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 23 

Note to the foregoing Table, 

Each of the Lessons with this mark (*) is given twice, i. e. to the 
same Class attending by divisions, or halves, in immediate succes- 
sion ; making thus two exercises^ each occupying half the time stated. 

Each of the Lessons with this mark (t) is given four times, i. e. 
to sections, or quarters, of the same Class, attending in immediate 
succession ; making thus four exercises, each occupying a quarter ot 
the time stated. 

(1) A number of Lectures on Ecclesiastical History are from time 
to time given at the University, by the Rev. Abiel Holmes, D. D. 

(2) The Lecturer on Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology, John 
White Webster, M. D. is to give the instruction in this department 
at Cambridge, the Erving Professor being required to lecture at the 
Medical College only. 

(3) The duties are assigned to the Professor of Logick and Mata- 
physicks. 

(4) The course of Lectures of the Smith Professor, on Spanish 
Literature, 34 in number, was not delivered, the time allotied to 
his Lectures not being found sufficient for both of his courses. 

(5) The duties are assigned to the Senior Latin Tutor. 

(6) The duties are assigned to the Senior Mathematical Tutor. 

To the foregoing stated exercises are to be added the 
examinations for admission to College ; the inspection 
of Exhibition performances and those for Commencement, 
and rehearsals of the same ; extraordinary instruction 
given to those who apply for explanation of difficulties ; 
and the hearing of lessons omitted on account of absence 
from town, sickness, or other causes, and those imper- 
fectly performed at the regular exercise. 

Question 8. 

(1) How many Students, on an average, are absent 
from the exercises, (2) and how many exercises are 
omitted by the Instructers ? 

Answer 8. 

(1) All absences from the regular exercises are noted 
and reported to the Government, and from the number 
thus reported a certain number is deducted as a reasonable 
allowance for all occasions of absence, except ill health. 

We have not always preserved on record the absences 



24 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

which are thus excused, nor those which are excused 
by individual Officers on account of real or supposed ill 
health. 

The average of all the absences ascribed to ill health 
for the years 1818-19, 1819-20, 1820-21, v^as 7* to 
each student annually ; the average of all the absences 
ascribed to ill health for the first half of the years 
1821-1822, 1823-1824, was at the rate of 8 to each 
student annually. The average of all other absences for 
the years 1818-19, 1819-20, 1820-21, was 22 to each 
student. The average of all the absences, whatever be 
the occasion, was, for the above periods, about 29 to 
each student in the year, or a little more than the num- 
ber of stated exercises for one week and a half. 

The details for the several classes may be seen in th^ 
following table : 

Whole JVumber of Absences^ except such as were excused on account of 
alleged ill health. 

1818-19. 1819-20. 





S. 


J. 


So. 


Fr. 


6V 


J. 


So. 


Fr, 


1st Qr. 


492 


416 


365 


317 


590 


506 


329 


148 


2d 


508 


396 


407 


471 


380 


390 


386 


386 


3d 


361 


366 


?00 


410 


236 


455 


389 


352 


4th 




419 


436 


290 




384 


416 


407 



1261 1597 1408 1488 1206 1635 1520 1293 

1820-21. 

Fr. 

1821-22 

1823-24 

1286 1453 2024 1578 1375 1881 1744 708 

* In this estimate are included such absences as occurred during a 
regular fit of sickness, if the student remained in Cambridge. 





S. 


/. 


So. 


Fr. 


1st Qr. 


312 


369 


322 


187 


2d 


621 


333 


565 


481 


3d 


293 


385 


603 


492 


4th 


50 


366 


534 


418 



S. 


J. 


So. 


Fr. 


^314 


474 


396 


102 


}31Q 


540 


393 


212 


^362 


448 


392 


281 


J 263 


429 


563 


113 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 25 

JVumber of Absences excused on account of ill health. 

1819-20. 1820-21. 

S. J. So. Fr, S. J. So. Fr, 

1st Qr. 51 115 76 119 166 151 310 109 



2d 


28 77 100 187 * 


79 


19 228 


241 


3d 


19 83 138 161 


51 


108 253 


241 


4th 


104 114 144 




46 109 


131 


Sum 


98 379 428 611 

1821-22. 


296 


324 900 

1823-24. 


722 




S. J. So. Fr. 


6' 


J. So. 


Fr, 


1st Qr. 


98 88 155 91 


95 


96 182 


64 


2d 


132 235 237 125 


87 


145 155 


96 



230 323 392 216 182 241 337 160 

By means of the fines on record we are able to com- 
pare the unexcused absences of the present time with 
those of former years ; moreover, as the rate of allow- 
ance for occasional detention has been the same during 
the whole period here referred to, the following table will 
enable us to judge pretty correctly of the whole number 
of such absences, or of the relative attention of the stu- 
dents to their stated exercises in different years. 



J\ 


umber oj < 


Unexcused 


Jibsences 


Jor Jourtee 


n years.* 




Year. 


Sen. 


JUD. 


Sophom. 


Freshm. 


Sum. 


No. Stud. 


1805-6 


878 


206 


182 


62 


1328 


147 


1808-7 


437 


224 


131 


82 


874 


168 


1807-8 


575 


216 


164 


13T 


1092 


182 


1808-9 


291 


195 


171 


24 


681 


187 


1809-10 


446 


165 


119 


22 


752 


214 


1810-11 


437 


187 


179 


68 


871 


213 


1811-12 


106 


273 


150 


48 


577 


230 


1812-13 


264 


183 


226 


117 


790 


245 


1818-19 


347 


276 


284 


207 


1114 


240 


1819-20 


279 


301 


179 


121 


880 


250 


1820-21 


221 


152 


274 


131 


778 


275 


1821-22 


107 


226 


138 


49 


520 


277 


1822-23 


232 


182 


244 


226 


884 


302 


1823-24 


84 


223 


2^5 


59 


581 


267 



* This abstract is made out for every year since 1805, of which 

4 



26 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL 

Dividing the number of absences for the first 
eleven years ^f the above period of fourteen years 
by the whole number of students, we have for the 
average four and one seventh for each student a 
year ; dividing the whole number of absences for the 

the returns were at hand. For the details see the following 
table. 

The JVumber of Absences for each quarter during fourteen years is as 

follows : 

1805-6. 1806-7. 

S. J. So. Fr. S. J. So. Fr, 

1st Qr. 186 27 65 41 30 6 

2d 188 86 71 26 61 6Q 54 29 

3d 153 38 37 18 137 53 67 51 

4th 351 55 9 18 198 75 4 2 



Sum 


878 


206 

1807- 


182 
-8. 


62 




S. 


/. 


So. 


Fr. 


1st Qr. 


86 


30 


52 





2d 


142 


46 


37 


55 


3d 


156 


60 


33 


48 


4tk 


191 


80 


42 


34 



575 216 164 137 

1809-10. 

S. J. So. Fr. 



1st Qr. 


111 75 


51 





2d 


103 69 


14 




3d 


146 21 


54 


22 


4th 


86 








446 165 


119 


22 




1811- 


-12. 






5. /. 


So. 


Fr. 


1st Qr. 


29 27 


8 





2d 


53 128 


46 


12 


3d 


24 63 


47 


32 


4th 


55 


49 


4 



437 


224 


131 


82 




1808-9. 




S. 


/. 


So. 


Fr. 


64 


56 


39 


3 


38 


60 


57 


2 


70 


50 


63 


4 


119 


29 


12 


15 


291 


195 


171 


24 




1810- 


-11. 




S. 


J. 


So, 


Fr. 


28 


45 


15 





61 


64 


26 


29 


63 


47 


70 


18 


295 


31 


68 


21 


437 


187 


179 


68 


1812- 


-13. 




>S'. 


/. 


So. 


Fr. 


40 


47 


55 





61 


39 


77 


32 


163 


64 


63 


41 




33 


31 


44 



106 273 150 48 264 183 226 117 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 27 

three years next preceding October of 1821 by the cor- 
responding number of students, gives for the average 
three and tivo thirds, A similar estimate for the last three 
years gives two and one third The unexcused absences, 
therefore, on the whole, have been gradually and very con- 
siderably reduced. The exercises at the same time have 
been increased in number and difficulty. 

The following is the Report of the Immediate Gov- 
ernment to the Board of Overseers at the semi-annual 
visitation on the 19th of Oct. 1824, for the 4th quarter, 





1818- 


-19. 






1819- 


-20. 






S. J. 


So. 


Fr, 


S. 


/. 


So. 


Fr. 


1st Qr. 


138 43 


78 


22 


156 


91 


18 


6 


2d 


121 89 


75 


84 


104 


101 


39 


48 


3d 


88 71 


56 


79 


11 


70 


43 


S2 


4th 


73 


75 


22 


8 


39 


79 


35 


Sum 


347 276 


284 


207 


279 


301 


179 


121 




1820- 


-21. 






1821- 


-22. 






,S'. /. 


So, 


Fr. 


^S*. 


J. 


So. 


Fr. 


1st Qr. 


30 50 


37 


3 


32 


38 


50 


2 


2d 


165 21 


53 


33 


69 


93 


44 


8 


3d 


22 15 


88 


75 


6 


14 


17 


26 


4th 


4 66 


96 


20 




81 


27 


13 




221 152 


274 


131 


107 


226 


138 


49 




1822- 


-23. 






1823- 


-24. 






S, J. 


So. 


Fr. 


S. 


/. 


So. 


Fr. 


1st Qr. 


98 19 


63 


43 


25 


45 


63 





2d 


117 57 


89 


48 


19 


75 


70 


32 


3d 


17 58 


54 


81 


40 


71 


61 


20 


4th 


48 


38 


54 




32 


21 


7 



232 182 244 226 84 223 215 59 



28 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

ending June 25, and the 1st quarter, ending Oct. 1, 
1824, being 19 weeks. 

-p. 9 « p ,„ P ?, o p „t 





3 
o 

o 
G 

TO 


a 
<v 

a 


is 

> 

s 
g 




i 


Ji 


It 

Is 


s 
1 

1 


11 




2 

a 

o 
<i3 


11 

= 1 




J 2 

•-1 o 




^1 

3 a, 
o o 
o ^ 


^.1 

^ o 
.2 o 


bX)3 




Classes, and 
No. in a Class. 




IS 




If 


1 
a 


11 




11 


2:S 




^ 


= s 


^ E 


S •" 


3 


£ « 


^=e 


3 Sd 


3 O 




<1 


12; S. 


t) s 


1^ a 


"f^ 


£5 


S^ 


SSJ 


Seniors. — 66. 




















4th Quarter 


28r 


30 


40 


16 


7Q 


m 


50 


17 


56 


1st " 




















Juniors. — 67. 




















4th Quarter 


155 


19 


71 


14 


153 


^h 


50 





67 


1st " 


107 


13 


32 


11 


140 


sfe 


53 


29 


58 


Soph's. — 62. 




















4th Quarter 


123 


13 


61 


13 


173 


Tie 


52 





62 


1st " 


16 


2 


21 


7 


148 


3t 


56 


3 


^7 


Freshm. — 55, 




















4th Quarter 


107 


9 


20 


5 


153 


1163 


50 





55 


1st " 


97 


8 


7 


3 


148 


53 


10 


52 



Note. — The Classes are named as they stood before Commence- 
ment, including the then Seniors, and not including the present Fresh- 
men. Most of the study time in the two quarters in the above table, 
ending the 1st of October, was previous to Commencement. 



From the preceding statement of absences from Col- 
lege exercises and duties, during the quarters mention- 
ed, it appears, that the average amount of unexcused 
absences is about one absence to two students^ for a 
quarter ; and that the amount of unexcused absences from 
prayers, is more than twice the amount of those from private 
exercises. Butitwill be remarked, in both cases, that these 

* A negligent performance is noted as an absence. 



IILJ ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 29 

unexcused absences are commonly confined to considera- 
bly less than a fourth part of each class. Thus, 

In the third quarter of the last College year, 

16 out of 66 were punished for absence from private exercises 

in the _ - . - Senior Class. 

If out of 67 - - - Junior " 

10 <•' 62 - - - - Sopho. " 

6 " 55 - - - Freshm. " 

(Less than Jth punished out of the whole number of students.) 

In the 4th quarter, 

14 - - - - Junior Class. 

6 - - - Sopho. " 

2 - - - - Freshm. " 

(Less than ^ punished out of three classes.) 

(2.) The exercises omitted by the Instructers are very 
few, less than one in a hundred. 

Question 9. 

(1.) Are the Students required to take notes, and are - 
they examined in relation to the subjects, of all the publick 
lectures, and if not, what are the obstacles to this 
mode of proceeding ? (2.) Are persons not connected 
with the College admitted to the lectures of the Pro- 
fessors, or any of them, and on what terms ? 

Answer 9. 

(1.) Taking notes at lectures has seldom been re- 
quired ; and examination has been only partially adopted, 
and has been relinquished in most instances, after a short 
trial. There are obstacles, partly in the nature of some 
of the subjects, and partly in the circumstance, that 
most of the lectures, according to the existing arrange- 
ment, come between exercises which require prepara- 
tion, while the lectures themselves are supposed to occu- 
py only the time required for their delivery. Some of 
the Professors are in favour of examinations. Others 



30 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

express a willingness to make the experiment, and others 
think the experiment is not worthy of trial. 

(2.) Persons not connected with the College are, with 
the assent of the President, admitted hy the following 
Professors to their Lectures, on the conditions annexed, 
viz. by the Mollis Professor of Natural Philosophy, to 
his Experimental Lectures, on paying ten dollars to the 
Steward, for the College ; by the Rumford Professor, 
without any charge; and by the Professors of Anatomy, 
Chemistry, and Natural History, and the Roy all Pro- 
fessor of Law, on such terms as the Professor may pre- 
scribe. With regard to the other Professors, there does 
not appear to be any rule. But the number of persons, 
not connected with the College, who are present at the 
lectures under any circumstances, is very inconsiderable. 



Question 10. 

How are the private exercises conducted ? Are diffi- 
culties explained, and oral instructions given at them 
or not ? 

Answer 10. 

The exercises are chiefly examinations of the profi- 
ciency of the Scholars. Their mistakes are of course 
corrected. With respect to remarks, illustrations, &c. as 
more of these is required, and more would be useful, in 
some departments than in others, so there is a variety in 
the practice of the different Instructers. 



Question 11. 

How far have the Students a choice as to what 
studies they may pursue ? 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IxMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 31 

Answer 11. 

The Juniors have an option between Hebrew and 
several other studies, viz. French, Mathematicks, Latin, 
and Greek ; and the Seniors, between the recitations iii 
Chemistry and in Fluxions. 

Question 12. 

In what branches do the Students make more progress, 
and in what less, than at any former time within the 
knowledge of the Government ? and what is the ex- 
tent of the difference, if any, for the last twenty years ? 

Answer 12. 

In respect to the private exercises, so called, that isj 
the recitations, the relative number of them in the sev- 
eral departments is nearly the same as in former years. 

The aggregate number of lessons and exercises, and 
the amount studied, are considerably increased in most 
of the branches in two ways ; first, by the discontinu- 
ance of the custom which used to prevail of omitting a 
certain number of the exercises, and by the hearing at 
private hours of lessons omitted by the students ; and, 
secondly, by the exaction of longer lessons and more 
thorough recitations. In Latin formerly the study was 
confined to Livy (5 books), Terence, and Horace. 
Terence is now discontinued, and the following books 
are added to the Latin course, viz. Grotius de Veritate 
Religionis Christianae, 300 pages of Excerpta Latina, 
Cicero de Oratore, and two of the three volumes of 
Tacitus ; besides Juvenal and Persius for those Avho 
choose Latin as a substitute for Hebrew. 

In Greek, at the end of the Sophomore year in 1805, 
for example, the Class had recited 194 pages of the Col- 
lectanea Graeca Majora; and about that time the 



S2 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

whole amount of Greek studied during the College 
course was one volume and a half of the same work. 

Now, at the end of the Sophomore year, the Classes 
have recited the whole of the 2 vols, of the Coll. Grae- 
ca Majora, i. e. 700 pages of text, accompanied with 
500 pages of notes ; and, during the remainder of the 
Greek course, from 8 to 10 books of Homer's Iliad are 
read. Several years prior to 1805, the course of Greek 
study consisted of about 6 books of Homer's Iliad, with 
a collateral translation in Latin, and about 6 books of 
Xenophon's Anabasis. Whilst the quantity studied in 
this department has been so much increased, the au- 
thors read are generally much more difficult. 

In the Mathematicks considerable changes have been 
made of late years which render the course more thor- 
ough and extensiv^e. Instead of one recitation a week, 
as was the practice formerly, except in the elements of 
Geometry, the students now recite daily during the time 
they are required to attend in this department, and the 
several parts are studied in their natural order. The 
text books, except one which was composed expressly 
for the use of the students, are translations from those 
adopted in the French schools, with such altera- 
tions and additions as were found necessary to adapt 
them to this country. Moreover, exercises in Chemistry 
and Fluxions have been added. 

It is not easy to compare the amount of Mathematicks 
effectually taught now with that in former years, except 
as they may be inferred from the degree of attendance, 
and the proportion of those who learn what is prescribed. 
See the Answers to Q^uestion 8, and to Q,uestion 17. 

In the departments of Logick,Metaphysicks,and Ethicks, 
the first and a large part of the second volume of Stew- 
art's Elements have been added, and a large treatise on 
Political Economy, in two volumes. In the department of 
Rhetorick and Oratory, Blair's Lectures in full, are sub- 
stituted for the Abridgment. The Instruction in French 
and Spanish is open to all the Students, it having formerly 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 33 

been limited to those who voluntarily attended at an ex- 
traordinary charge. The exercises in history are now 
fewer than were formerly required by one third, and this 
difference is added to other branches. 

On the whole, in most of the branches there is a con- 
siderabKe increase of the lessons in amount and difficulty. 
In the mean time the standard of performance as respects 
the best Scholars is at least as high as ever, and as re- 
spects a large number of the next degree and below, it 
has been very much raised. One of the expedients for 
evading study, which formerly existed, is removed by the 
prohibition of carrying text books into the Class-room, 
except in the languages ; and the different checks upon 
the use of translations are applied with as much effect as 
the case admits. 

In regard to the instruction derived from publick lec- 
tures, the number of these in a year has been increasing, 
since the Boylston Professorship of Rhetorick and Ora- 
tory went into operation, from one hundred to three hun- 
dred ; whilst the number of private exercises has been 
diminished only by about sixty. 

Question 13. 

(1.) How are the annual examinations conducted ? 
Can you form a just estimate from them alone of the ab- 
solute and relative attainments of each Student in every 
branch of study ? Or do they greatly assist you in forming 
such estimate? (2.) Can such estimate be made by each 
Instructer in his own department from the recitations 
and lectures ? 

Answer 13. 

(1.) A day is appropriated to the public examination 
of each Class, before a Committee of the Overseers and 
the Corporation, and such of the Instructers r:nd other 
persons as choose to attend. These examinations serve 
to show the manner of questioning in use by the Instruc- 
ters, in their ordinary exercises, and aiford considerable 
5 



34 ANSWEllS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

assistance in judging both of the positive and relative 
attainments of the Students. 

(2.) The present recitations are in general deemed 
quite suflicientfor enabling an Instruoter to estimate the 
positive and relative merit of each Student in the pre- 
scribed studies, from day to day. Where the whole 
Class attend in a body, and only a part are called on at 
any single exercise, a longer space is of course requisite 
for making a judgment. 

Question 14. 

Are the absences, omissions, defaults, punishments, ac- 
quirements, and relative rank in every branch of study, 
of each Student recorded ; and are these records, or any 
of them made publick, or are they open to the inspection 
of the Student's friends? 

Answer 14. 

They are recorded. The record, in respect to ab- 
sences, omissions, defaults, and punishments, is always 
open to the Student's friends upon application to the Pre- 
sident ; and when a Scholar is punished by admonition, it 
is communicated to them as a matter of course. Each Stu- 
dent's delinquencies and general character in any particu- 
lar study, may also be known on application to the In- 
structer in that branch. A scale of acquirements and rela- 
tive rank in each branch of study is semiannually made 
by the government for their own assistance in judging of 
each Student's aggregate merit ; but the principal way in 
wbich this scale is made publick is by the assignment of 
performances on publick occasions. 

Question 15. 

(1,) What is the whole amount of vacations and holi- 
days ? (2.) And what is the average amount of occasional 
absence from College^ in term time^ for each Student? 



UL] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 35 

Answer 15. 

(1.) The vacations are three; the first, of four weeks 
and two days, from Commencement : the second, o^ seven 
weeks, from the fourth Friday in December ; the third, 
of two weeks, from the third Friday in May. The Se- 
niors are permitted to leave College on the seventh 
Tuesday before Commencement. Students are required 
to enter their names before nine o'clock, P. M. on the 
first day of each Term. The Chapel exercises begin on 
the evening of the first day, and the bill is first kept 
on the second day of the Term at evening prayers. 
The recitations begin on the first Monday morning of 
each Term. The stated lectures and exercises are dis- 
continued on the Friday before Commencement for the 
remainder of the term ; on the day preceding the annual 
Thanksgiving, after the morning exercise, for the re- 
mainder of the week ; and on the annual Fast day. On 
Christmas day, the days of Exhibition and Examination, 
the day of the Artillery Election, and the Fourth of July, 
the exercises are omitted, except that of the morning. 
One exercise also is omitted on the Valedictory day of 
the Senior Class ; and none is required on any Saturday 
after 12 o'clock. 

(2.) The number of Nights of Absence from College 
in the year between the Commencements of 1823 and 
1824, during term time exclusive of the Thanksgiving 
holidays, are as follows.* 

* The Absences here stated do not include those of such Students as keep 
school with permission, if they do not exceed the time allowed them. 



^6 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 



Absence 


Abser 


ice with 


leave 


Absence beyond ' 


Total of 


with leave 


from 


Saturday to Sun- 


lea^ 


e, and after 


nights 


during 


day 


evening, 


when 


the 


commence- 


of ab- 


study 


tl)ere 


are tio 


recita- 


ment of a term. 


sence. 


time. 


tions, 
befor 


or on th 
3 vacation 


e nigbt 








Senior Class. 














66 in number. JVights. 




Mghts. 






Mghts. 


ntat. 


1st Term 13 weeks 72 




23 






57 




2d " 14 weeks 34 




25 






101 




3d " 6 weeks 18 




11 






75 


















119 




59 






233 


411 


Junior Classj 














68 in number. 














1st Term 13 weeks 164* 




14 






99 




2d " J4 weeks 34 




25 






124 




3d "11 weeks 68 




30 






167 




266 




69 






390 


7^ 


Sophomore Class, 














69 in number. 














1st Term 13 weeks 52 




16 






118 




2d " 14 weeks 27 




22 






88 




8d "11 weeks 68 




30 






114 




147 




68 






320 


53S 


Freshman Class, 














64 in number. 














ist Term 13 weeks 31 




24 






24 




2d " 14 weeks 28 




33 






40 




3d " 11 weeks 50 




61 






103 





100 



118 



167 



JVot'e K The whole number of nights of absence, divided by the 
number of Students, amounts (exclusive of those who keep schools) 
to 7| for each Student. 

2. The whole number of nights of absence, by leave, in study 
time, amounts to SJ for each Student. 

3. The whole number of nights of absence, by leave on Saturday 
nights and the night before vacation, when such absence does not 
interfere with any recitation, amounts to •! for each Student. 

4. The whole number of nights of absence beyond leave, and by 
failing to return at the beginning of the term, amounts to 4^ for 
each Student. 

Thus it appears, that the absences under this last head amount 
to considerably more than half of the whole number of absences. 
Out of the whole number of nights of absence beyond leave, namely. 



* Of the 164 nights of absence in the first term, 108 nights were granted by the 
Immediate Government to five Students from the most remote States (making 
three weeks to each of the five) in order to visit their friends This is an indul- 
gence which is usually granted to such Students once during the four years of 
flieir residence here. 



III.] ANSWERS OT THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 37 

1110 nights, more than half, namely, 574 nights were not excused. 
These unexcused absences were chiefly of those Students who ex- 
ceeded the time allowed them to keep school. The remaining 536 
absences were such as were excused for the most pa t on account 
of illness. 

It may here be remarked also, that, in general, much the greater 
part of excused absence beyond leave, is confined ta a few^ who are 
prevented from returning to College in season, on account of jpro- 
tracted illness. 

Question 16. 

(1.) How many Students are usually employed in keep- 
ing schools in the winter; and what is taught in those 
schools ? How long are they thus occupied ? What com- 
pensation do they receive, and what is commonly the 
number of their pupils? (2.) How far does this pursuit 
interfere with the prosecution of their studies, and what 
is generally their character as scholars? 

Ajtsxver 16. 

(1.) Meritorious students, whose circumstances require 
the dispensation, may be excused from returning to Col- 
lege, after the Thanksgiving recess, tor the remainder of 
the term, provided they are engaged in keeping schools. 
The time of such absence is commonly about three weeks, 
making their schools last ten weeks, including the winter 
vacation. They teach reading, writing, and the other 
branches commonly taught in the district town schools. 
Their compensation is from sixteen to twenty dollars a 
month, besides board and lodging. The average number 
of our Students, who are thus employed, is fifty ; and 
the number of their pupils varies from thirty to an hun- 
dred for each Student. 

(2.) This employment is an interference, in some de- 
gree, with the studies of the College. It occasions the 
publick lectures to be suspended for the last three weeks 
of the first term. The disappearance of a number of the 
Scholars, often among the best, from the exercises, sets 
lower the standard of recitation. These Students them- 



38 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

selves, when examined in the studies of their class, pur- 
sued during their absence, seldoin acquit themselves so 
well as in the usual recitations, and fall below their com- 
mon measure of excellence. Those who have this dis- 
pensation are usually among the good Scholars. In 1823, 
the number was fifty three, whose rank was as follows : 

Of 15 of the 19 of the Senior Class (65), who were em- 
ployed to teach school, the average rank was 11 ; the 
average of the i9 was 18; the smciller number denoting 
the higher rank, unity being the maximum. 

Of 14 of the 17 of the Junior Class (67), the average 
rank was 14; the average of the 17 was 19. 

Of 14 of the 17 of the Sophomore Class (68), the 
average rank was 14 ; the average of the 17 was 19. 

Question 17. 

(1.) What honours and rewards are bestowed on merit, 
(2.) and what portion of the Students perform their 
exercises in a satisfactory manner ? 

Answer 17. 

(1.) The honors and rewards consist principally of the 
assignments of performances at Exhibitions and Com- 
mencement. These assignments have in general an 
understood rank. Besides the above, the President, 
consulting with the Professors and Tutors, presents an- 
nually books to the value of seventy dollars from the Hop- 
kins fund to those Students in one of the Classes, who 
have distinguished themselves by their application to 
their studies. The Bowdoin Premiums, two first medals 
each of thirty dollars' value, and two second of twenty, 
are assigned to the authors of the four best Dissertations 
on subjects annually given out. TheBoylston Prizes for 
Elocution, two first of fifteen dollars, and three second of 
ten dollars each, are awarded to the five best speakers^ at 
a publick trial, on the day after Commencement 



t 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 59 

The benefits for the assistance of necessitous Students, 
(at the disposal of the Corporation or Immediate Gov- 
ernment) are appropriated with a joint regard to schol- 
arship and character. 

(2.) With respect to the proportion who do well, the 
following statement has been recently presented to the 
Overseers by the Immediate Government. There is 
in the several Classes, entirely satisfactory, one third 
part; generally satisfactory, about one third part. Those 
of the remaining third part are from different causes, 
such as defect of talents or application, less satisfactory; 
and from four to eight in each Class are greatly defi- 
cient. 

Question 18. 

What punishments are inflicted, and what tasks are 
imposed, for absence and negligence ? 

Answer 18. 

There is a series of punishments for absence and neg- 
ligence. 

Students who, without sufficient reason, prolong a li- 
censed absence from College, or who do not return after 
a vacation or recess, are fined twenty-five cents a night; 
and if the absence exceed a week, two dollars a week. Stu- 
dents absent from any exercise or recitation, or from prayers 
or the chapel service on Lord's day. except for ill health ; or 
negligent in the performance of an exercise (negligence 
being marked as absence), are subject to a fine for every 
such delinquency beyond a certain allowance. When such 
fines amount to a given sum, the Student receives a private 
admonition administered by the Tutor of his Class, and if 
upon the next reckoning he is not reformed, he is ad- 
monished by the President, which is called a publick 
admonition ; and, if he continues delinquent, is suspend- 
ed or dismissed. A scholar who has been suspended for 



40 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL 

negligence, and who afterwards incurs censure for the 
same offence, becomes liable to dismission. — Tem- 
porary absence from College, or absence from any 
particular exercise, is not, except in extraordinary cases, 
an excuse for not performing at reviews and examina- 
tions. When a student is absent without necessity, or 
performs badly from negligence, he is generally required 
to perform the lesson in private at the Instructer's study, 
or before or after the recitation of the Class, or frequent- 
ly in the presence of the Class at the next regular time 
of reciting. 

Question 19. 

What is the average number of fines and their 
amount ? 

Ans, 19. 
See the Answers to Questions 15 and 21, 

Question 20. 

(1.) Are offences which were formerly punished, 
now tolerated, or the converse ? and if so, what offences, 
and to what extent ? (2.) Is there a difference, in re- 
spect to conduct and rank as scholars, between students, 
entering College aged from 15 to 16 years, and those 
entering aged from 16 to 17 years ? And if so, what is 
the difference ? 

I 
Answer 20, 

At different periods in time past it was usual for the 
Officers to report at meetings of the Immediate Govern- 
ment, or of the Parietal Board, students seen out of 
town, that they might be fined. For ten or fifteen 
years this has not been practised, except in case of 
individuals out of town for some illegal purpose, such 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 41 

as, in term time and without leave, going to a ball, 
assembly, or partj of pleasure, or attending the the- 
atre ; or of individuals delinquent in their attendance 
upon exercises, or otherwise subjects of animadversion 
or suspicion ; the frequency of the exercises at which 
their presence is required at the College having been 
supposed an adequate restraint in this respect. 

It is believed that no radical and important offences 
which were formerly punished are tolerated ; but, on the 
contrary, that several kinds of disorders and defects 
have been corrected, and some valuable improvements 
in discipline introduced. 

The meetings of clubs and parties for festive purposes 
have ceased to exist in such a degree as often to require the 
attention of the Government, or disturb the order of the 
Society. Visiting at evening parties in term time in the 
vicinity, as well as attending the theatre, has been very 
much checked by the regulations on these subjects. 

Something has been effected by the sumptuary regula- 
tions of the College for suppressing extravagance, par- 
ticularly in dress, riding, and the pocket expenses of 
students ; and by some modilication of these laws, and 
a perseverance in their application, more, it is believed 
may still be effected. New checks upon negligence 
and inattention have been for some years in increasino- 
operation. 

Since 1813, Students abscT^t in term time, previous to 
the winter vacation, keeping schools, have been subjected 
to examination, under the penalty of a double fine for 
absence. Since December, 1818, the delinquencies of 
Students have been regularly collected and settled every 
month, instead of every quarter, as was the practice 
formerly ; and to this change is to be attributed, in a con- 
siderable degree, the diminution of the number of ab- 
sences from private exercises since its adoption. 

In December, 1817, the Students were informed, 
that, in future, no hooks, except in the languages, 
would be allowed in the reciting-room. Since that 
6 



42 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOTERNMENT. [III. 

time the Students have come without their books to the 
recitations in Theology. Logick, Metaphysicks, Mo- 
ral Philosophy, Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, Ge- 
ometry, and Mathematicks generally. This has been 
considered a grea^ improvement, as it has destroy- 
ed the expedients of those who trusted to looking for- 
ward during the exercise, and preparing themselves in 
the reciting-room. In May 1819, tiie Government agreed 
to c'onsider each negligent performance as equivalent to an 
absence, and report and punish it as such. The Stu- 
dents were informed also, at the time this regulation was 
communicated, that, after susjjension for negligence, if 
the person suspended should not reform, the next punish- 
ment would be dismission from College ; whereas the 
practice had been, to begin the series of punishments 
anew, as in the case of one who had never offended. 

Beside reckoning negligence as an absence, the rule of 
the Government has been more strict in the case of Ad- 
monition and Suspension on another account. 

Neglect of Themes is estimated at twice, and that of 
Forensics at four times the foriuer sum in making out the 
aggregate of delinquencies, while the amount which sub- 
jects a student to the next higher punishment remains the 
same."^ It was resolved also at this time, and notice was 
accordingly given, that no Student should receive an ap- 
pointment at a publick Exhibition, or at Commencement, 
who should, within three months of the time of such ap- 
pointment, neglect two Themes or two Forensicks ; 
and that no Student should be recommended by the Gov- 
ernment for any pecuniary benefit, who should, within the 

* The sum of fines, for any one (]ijnrtcr, which subjects a Student to the iie-sit 
higher [)!jnishinerit, is, in the Freshman year 5^> '^^^ i" the Sophomore ,^1 00, 
in the Junior ^'1 25, in t!ie Senior ^1 50: and (his sum is tiie amount of all 
the fities for absence from College exercisesf and duties, and for tardiness ; ab- 
sence from prayers being reckoned 3 cents, from a private exercise or lecture 
11 cents, a Theme 22, and a Forensick 44 cents. The punishments which 
follow in succession upon a re[)etition of negligence to the above amounts are, 
first, Private Admonition w^ilh a letter to the parents or friends; 2 Publick 
Admonition with a letter ; 3. Suspension; 4. Dismission from College. 

t Absence from publick worship on Sunday is not included; the fine is 33 
cents for each half day. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIxVTE GOVERNMENT. 43 

three months next preceding the usual time of making 
such recommendations, neglect two exercises in compo- 
sition, either Themes or Forensicks. 

The law which provides that omitted or neglected 
exercises may be required at other than the stated 
times, and the rule of the Government, excluding 
temporary absence from the admitted excuses for non- 
performance at examinations and reviews, have been 
applied more generally, and have had an influence in 
diminishing the amount of applications for licensed ab- 
sence from College. 

(2.) The following is the state of the record for two 
distinct periods, one of three years, and one of four. 

£ged between 15 and 16. Jlged between 16 and 17. 

Class entering ] No. | Suspended or dismissed. |I No. j Suspended or dismissed. 
1814") 

1815 [> 55 9 28 6 
18173 
1820] 

ml\ 8* '" 7i 

1823] 

With respect to rank as Scholars, it appears that, in 
the Class that was graduated in 1824, of the number 23, 
between 15 and 16 years of age when they entered Col- 
lege, there were, when the Class w^as graduated, 

6 in the first quarter of the Class in literary rank and merit, and 
10 in the first half. 

In the same Class, of the number l9, between 16 and 
17 years of age when they entered, there were, when the 
Class was graduated, 

5 in the first quarter of the Class, and 
9 in the first halfi 

Questioti 21. 
Have punishments been more frequent and severe of 
late than formerly, or less so ; and to what degree? If a 
material change has taken place in this respect, can it 
he ascribed to any definite cause, and to what cause ? 

Ansiver 21. 
As to punishments, see the annexed Table^ 



44 ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 






H It- 



|"5 \n 



5xau sjBaA'i^aqj 
joj noi^jodoaj 






CX) 



JOJ uoijaodojj 



ire 



. a 

IS 



t^S-gS8I 






rH i^'-O 



gs- 


-SS8I 


GO 

o 

GO 


to 


>o 


G^ 


G^ 


ss- 


-IS81 




GO 


1^- 




GN( 






lO (M 


1^ 


N. 


CO 


l^ 


IS- 


-0S81 






1—1 






os- 


-6I8I 


O 


•nT 


o 

GNt 


GO 


G^ 
GO 



6T-8T8I 



I O r-l Tt 
1 ^ 



o K. 



a 
o 

=5 

o c; o 

a; (/I ™ 

'^ 'B •- 

13 ixl 3 



M 52 
§1 



81-2181 






TH O 


G^ 


XT 


iI-9X8i 


GNi 




GSi r-H 


GN( 


GO 
CO 


9T-ei8T 


G^ 




rM ^ 


I— ) 
I— 1 


50 


C 1-^18 1 




o 


lO G<i 


r-1 


G^ 


2I-TT8X 


O 

CO 
G<J 




G^ 1-1 

1— ( 


GNi 

l—t 




TI-0I8T 


GO 




G^ CX) 


Ir- 




01-6081 


^ 

;: 


G^ 


GNi OD 


^ 


in 


6-808 1 


t- 

2 


G^ 


O O 


O^ 


GO 
O 


8-i08t 


G^ GNi 

2 


•^ 


G^ OO 

r-1 


o 


GO 


i-yo8i 


00 






o 

G^^ 


G^ 

o 


9-C08I 






1—1 


G^ 
I— 1 


g 

(X) 




Oi 








=t^ 



fe 



O) OJ tn . CS 

I S '-^ ^ 2 

« ^ ':5 C5 fcjo 

^ ^^'^ CD 



CO 



5 03 5 



;o ^ 
II, is 

TO 

L^ "^ Oj OJ 

c« ^^ g -1^ -f 

o i^ , w a> 

S ^ ^5 

0) ^ (D 52 

=^ "^ s s «> ^ 



CD ^ 



m 



G O) 

. O) 



O O 



VD O S- 

OS cd ■*- 

^^2 






II! 



S c S ts c +- 

§1-^ ^ ^ o 

•^-^^ =" § 2 

"= cd s -v c -S 

C c o -^ • CO 

■-^ ^ o o jz; .S 

o ^2 tus P 






III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMEiST. 45 

The number punished does not bear so great a pro- 
portion to the whole number as might be infeired irom 
this statement. Most of those who are suspended are 
previously admonished ; many are suspended tvv-ice, and 
ol' the dismissed, a considerable proportion have gone 
through ail the previous gradations. 

The number of students, except for the two upper 
classes in 18^M, and for the three last years, is made 
out from the triennial catalogue of graduates. The ac- 
tual number in College previous to 1821 exceeded that 
stated above by about l-i(jth. In making the above esti- 
mate the Vv hole number of students during the first 14 
years is divided by the whole number of each of the 
several kinds of punishment, which gives the riombers 
in the la;st column but two. • 

The number of students during the four years pre- 
ceding Sept 1821 being divided by the entire number 
of the punishments during this period gives the result 
in the last column but one. The last column gives the 
result obtained in the same way for the last thiee years. 
The number of students separated from the College at 
the time of the great disturbance in 1807, and in thai of 
1818, is not included in the estimate ; nor 27 admorii- 
tions given at one time in 1820 to the members of a Club 
for a violation of the law respecting festive entertain- 
ments. 

As it respects ordinary oifences, during the four years 
preceding 182 1, there was not any remarkable increase 
in the number or severity of puniship^ents ; and during 
the three subsequent years, there has been an observa- 
ble diminution ; considering the following circumstan- 
ces, which have occurred or begun to exist in the course 
of the period named, tending to make such a compara- 
tive statement unfavourable ; viz. 

1. An extraordinary resistance of the authority of 
College in one of the Classes, viz. in the autumn of 1819, 
which required punishments out of course. 

2. A similar attempt of one of the Classes in 1821, 



46 ANSWERS O^F THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

which occasioned several punishments, and prepared the 
causes of those excesses that required the thirty-six dis- 
missions from the same Class in May 1823, not put into 
the estimate. 

3. It will be observed that the number of dismissions 
of late years has increased, in consequence of a law passed 
in 1814, authorizing the Government to dismiss for gen- 
eral character, after the use of due means of reformation. 

4. During the three years preceding 1821, and since 
that period, measures for suppressing meetings for en- 
tertainments have been adopted at different times, and 
carried into effect. 

5. The proportion of admonitions for the last three 
vears has increased in a considerable degree, from the 
circumstance last named, and from the regulations rela- 
tive to a uniform dress, and to extravagant expenses ; 
and to the practice adopted by the Government, of ad- 
fiiinistering this censure in cases where before a fine 
had been inflicted. 

During the year ending in June 1824, an unusual 
number of those who were members of College at the 
beginning of the year, ceased to belong to it. Of these, 
12 dissolved their connexions in good standing, several 
of them in consequence of the diminution of the Col- 
lege fond for beneficiaries, on w hich they had depend- 
ed. During the same period nine new students were 
admitted. 

Question 22. 

(1.) In what manner is the practice of the grosser 
vices punished, (2.) and what means are possessed or 
measures adopted for detecting them, (3.) and how many 
instances of punishment on this account have occurred 
during the last 20 years ? 

Answer 22. 

(1.) The practice of such vices is punished in an ex- 
emplary manner ; licentiousness especially by exclusion 
from College. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 47 

(2.) The Government are able by the ordinary means 
to make a decided judgment in regard to the character 
and habits of the great body of the students, as to their 
freedom for the grosser vices. In particular instances 
they are necessarily in doubt, and are sometimes obliged 
by circumstances to have unfavourable presumptions, 
without evidence on which to found investigation or pun- 
ishment. They are not able generally to apply the 
laws directly in cases of this sort, except when the im- 
morality becomes notorious, or where accident produces 
a discovery. 

(3.) The number punished for licentious behaviour, 
specifically, in any series of years, is always small. But 
Students whose general habits warrant a suspicion in this 
particular, if not dismissed, are commonly removed by 
their friends at the instance of the Government. 

Question 23. 
What are the usual bodily exercises and amusements 
of the Students, and what time is allowed for them ? 

Ansiver 23. 
The military company, composed of about twelve Se- 
niors and from thirty- five to forty Juniors, practise mili- 
tary drill exercises in the intervals between study hours 
from the first of May to the end of October. A limited 
number attend a dancing school in the evening during: 
a part of the year ; and another small portion of the 
scholars take lessons in fencing, which, however, the 
Governm.ent rather discourage as being expensive, and 
causing too much interruption of study. In the Spring 
and Autumn there is occasional playing at ball ; but there 
is a want of some system for bodily exercises. Indi- 
viduals make a point of brisk walking daily; but a large 
number, as is too common with persons of sedentary 
pursuits, are negligent in this respect. 

Question 24. 
(1.) What proportion of the Students reside within the 



48 ANSWERS GF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

walls and board in Commons ; and on what conditions 
are they allowed to reside and board in private families ? 
(2.) How long did the regulation, that all the Students- 
should board in Commons, continue ? What inconven- 
iences were found to result from it ; when, and why, 
was it changed, and what has been the eifect of the 
change ? 

Answer 24. 

(1.) Generally about two hundred Students live within 
the walls. From eighty to one hundred and twenty of the 
Undergraduates generally board in Commons. As the 
College buildings have not, for a succession of years, 
till lately, been sufficient to accommodate nearly all Vvho 
desired to live within the walls, the students who chose 
have resided out, at houses not prohibited. 

(2.) Till the Spring of 1820, the College furnished 
the Commons ; a superintendent being employed to 
make the purchases, &c. and account with the Stew- 
ard at regular intervals : and necessitous students perform- 
ing the office of waiters at table for their board. 

At the time above mentioned, it was found that, not- 
withstanding the care of the Corporation to devise the 
best regulations for securing suitable Commons, and the 
endeavors used to carry those regulations into Qi^e.cX^ the 
publick table of the College was a subject of complaint 
with some for the alleged defects of the living, and with 
others on account of the supposed unnecessary expense. 
It w^as therefore resolved by the Corporation, with the 
assent of the Overseers, to adopt the present plan for at 
least tv\'o quarters, and it being approved, it has continu- 
ed to this time. By this establishment the Corporation 
contract with an individual to furnish Commons at a 
sum not beyond a certain rate, which has been from 
^2.50 to $2.25 a week. The students, giving proper 
notice, may choose between Commons and approved 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 49 

private houses, those having rooms in College, who board 
out, paying ^1 50 a quarter in addition to the $2 50 a 
quarter charged on each of the students under the head of 
" Steward and Commons." 

The advantages of this mode of conducting the Com- 
mons are, that it takes away every occasion of com- 
plaint, and that it is more economical for the College 
and for the scholars. These benefits will be more fully 
experienced when the proposed reduction in the rate of 
charge allowed the Contractor shall go into effect ; as, 
although the reduction be considerable, the price is yet 
sufficient, it is believed, to enable him to furnish Com- 
mons fully equal to the average mode of living in reputable 
and substantial families in the community ; and this, with- 
out continuing the assessment for the privilege of boarding 
out. It is to be recollected, that he is at no expense for 
kitchens and utensils, nor for dining-rooms and furniture ; 
and must, by the saving thus made, as well as by the 
number of his boarders, be able to furnish board of a 
good quality on better terms than private individuals. 

Question 25. 
What are the necessary expenses of a Student, the 
cost of clothing excepted ? It is wished that each item 
may be stated separately, and those included in the Col- 
lege bills distinguished. 

Ansrwer 25. 

The estimate of necessary expenses for a year is as fol- 
lows. 

Included in the College Bills, 
Steward and Commons, including board for 38 

weeks, at ^1 15 per week - - ^76 50 

Instruction for the two first years ^^46 ; for the 

third and fourth ^64 ; average - 55 

Rent of Room - - - - 12 

Library - - - - 3 

Text Books - - - - 12 50 

Expenses of publick rooms, repairs, catalogues, &c. 10 

7 |fl69~"" 



50 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [111. 

Other necessary expenses must vary with the economy 
of each individual. 

The price of wood furnished by the College is Jg7 per 
cord ; a room in a private house, from 030 to 45 a year ; 
washing, from ^3 to 5 a quarter, 

College uniform Coat ^15 to 20 
Pantaloons 4 50 " 10 

Vest 3 "6 

Outside Coat 20 " 30 

mean $54 25 

The Students find their own beds and furniture. Board 
in town has been of late from ^2 25 to ^3 a week. 

The College some time since transmitted a Circular let- 
ter to the parents and guardians of Students, relating to 
expenses, in which the estimate was made with respect to 
Students from distant places, upon the principle of stat- 
ing the highest amount of necessary expenses, and the 
most liberal allowance permitted for other expenses, as 
follows : 

" EXPENSES FOR A YEAR. 

" Steward and Commons, including board for 38 weeks, at 

$2 50 per week - - - - $105 00 
Instruction, two first years $46, third year $64, fourth $74, 

average - - - - 57 50 

Room rent - - - - 12 00 

Library - - - - - 4 00 

Text books - - - - 15 00 

Wood - - - - - 20 00 

Fuel for lecture rooms, repairs, catalogues, &c. 15 00 

Patron - - - - 6 00 



Amount of charges in College Quarter Br 
Clothes, including every article of dress, 
Laundress . - - - - 

Candles or Oil - - - - 

Servant ------ 

Pocket money - - - 


Us $234 
120 to 
12 to 

- 10 

6 to 

- 26 to 

$408 
35 
10 


200 
24 
10 
20 
52 


234 50 




to 




Vacations (board) 

Do. (woodj - - - 


540 50 
50 00 
10 00 



453 $600 50 



III.] ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 51 

^^ Besides these expenses, Students purchase or hire 
their own beds and a few necessary articles of furniture, 
when they are first admitted to College ; the cost $4tO to 

The Circular to parents of home Students embraces 
the same particulars, with a few exceptions, as appears 
by the following estimate. 

"expenses for a year, 
" Exclusive of chamber, furniture, stationary, and personal service, 

beyond what is provided by the College. 
Steward and Commons, including board for 

38 weeks, at $2 50 a week - 105 00 

Instruction, two first years $46, third year $64, 

fourth $74 — average - - 57 50 

Room rent - - - 12 00 

Library - - - 4 00 

Textbooks - - - 15 00 

Wood - - - 20 00 

Expenses of publick rooms, repairs, catalogues, &c. 15 00 



Amount of charges in the Quarter Bills $228 00 228 00 

Clothes - - _ 100 00 to 150 00 

Laundress - - - 12 00 to 24 00 

Candles or Oil - - 10 00 10 00 

Pocket expenses - - - 39 00 39 00 



00 to 451 00 

^^ Room rent and wood are reckoned, on the supposition 
of two students living in one room in a College building. 
Rooms in private houses are charged from ^40 to 052 a 
year, the highest price, including an adjacent bedroom.'^ 

The Governmentj having found inconvenience to arise 
from attempting to state how great a Student's ex- 
penses might be without being regarded as extravagant, 
have modified the estimate of expenses in the circular 
letter, agreeably to that stated at the beginning of this 
Answer. They still require, however, conformably to 
the laws, that all the funds for the use of Students who are 
not of this Commonwealth, unless they belong to places 
within one hundred miles of Cambridge, shall be in the 
charge of a Patron, to be disbursed for the use of such Stu- 
dents under the direction of the Instructers of the College. 



52 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL 

It is also made the duty of the Immediate Government 
to have a Standing Committee of the Board to corres- 
pond with Parents and Guardians of home Students, and 
to state to them the views, wishes, and expectations of the 
Government, in relation to the expenditures of their chil- 
dren and wards, and the rules of the College for securing 
moderation in that particular. 

Question 26. 
Have any of these charges been greatly increased or 
diminished within the last twenty years ; if so, which of 
them, and how much ? 

Answer 26. 
See the following Table, containing the average annu- 
al amount of the quarter bills for different years ; on the 
supposition of a full charge for board, tuition, &c. and 
none for fines, from 1805-6 to 1823-4. 

1805-6 1806-7 1807-8 1808-9 1809-10 1810-11 1811-12 
|fl28 16 ^167 32 ^180 46 ;^I79 71 ^191 04 ^168-94 ^174 61 

1812-13 1813-14 1814-15 1815-16 1816-17 1817-18 1818-19 
^196 05 5207 14 ^248 27 ^241 26. ;^259 51 ;^239 61 ^271 41 

1819-20 1820-21 1821-22 1822-23 1823-24 

1^205 73 ^210 59 ^221 75 ^218 75 ^212 25 



The average charge for books for the six quarters 
next preceding October 1821, was, ^3 20 per quarter, 
or ^12 80 per year to each Student ; the average for the 
last three years has been ^10 75 per year. 

The amount of assessments for delinquency in the 
payment of quarter bills for the four years preceding 
October 1821, is ^13^8 50, or about 344 per year> that 
is, ^1 25 to each Student yearly. The amount of as- 
sessments for the last three years is very inconsiderable. 

The average charge for repairs, for the four years pre- 
ceding October 1821, is about ^1500 a year, or six dol- 
lars to each Student per year. From 1805 to 1810, the 
average charge for repairs was about ^4 20 per year to 
each Student ; for the last three years it has been about 
^3 78 per year to each Student. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 53 

Among the causes of the increased charge in the bills, 
are the furnishing by the College of the books used in 
the Classes, which began in 1812, and the expenses in- 
cident to additional publick rooms and courses of lectures ; 
but it is to be chiefly referred to the articles of board 
and instruction. The average price of board, from 
1805 to 1808, was $1 94 per week ; from 1814 to 1818, 
^% 75. By an arrangement of Commons in 1820, it 
was fixed at a sum not exceeding ^2 50, and for the two 
last quarters has been ^2 25. 

The regular charge for Instruction, previously to 1807, 
was, taking the average of four years, ^20 per year. 
In 1807 it was raised to ^40 per year. In 1814 it was 
raised to ^50 ; in 1815 to ^52 ; and in 1816 to ^57 ; 
including all the Instruction and Lectures given at the 
College, except those on Natural History. Formerly 
the attendance on the Lectures in Anatomy and Chem- 
istry was voluntary, and the charge was ^18. 

A certain part of the charge for Instruction is remitted 
to meritorious, indigent Students, wholly, or in part, un- 
der the form of Exhibition money or other charity. 

Question 27. 

Are the Students less or more extravagant in their 
voluntary expenditures now than formerly? Is this 
extravagance general ? In what description of Students 
is it most conspicuous, and in what manner is it princi- 
pally displayed ? 

Answer 27. 

The Students generally show a disposition to greater 
expense than formerly. This disposition is commonly most 
conspicuous among those who come from distant places. 
It is displayed particularly in attention to personal ap- 
pearance, in the furniture of their rooms, in horse-hire, 
and generally in what are called pocket expenses. 



54 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

Question 28. 

Has the law of the State restraining the giving of 
credit to the Students been enforced, and if so, what is 
its effect? 

Answer 28. 

The law has been enforced in a few instances. It has 
had some effect to limit the credit given to the young men, 
although it has been very partially enforced on account 
of the difficulty of obtaining proof of the credit. The 
Parents and Guardians often choose to pay the bills con- 
tractedj and for the same reason that they pay them, they 
avoid informing the Government of the College that their 
children and wards have violated its laws in this par- 
ticular. 

Question 29. 

What other measures are adopted for regulating their 
expenses, and what is found to be their operation ? 

Answer 29. 

The Government consider it very important to attend 
to the habits of Students in these respects. The law re- 
quiring a Patron to take charge of the funds of Students 
from distant places, and the rule requiring a Circular 
letter to be sent to the Parents and Guardians of home Stu- 
dents, as stated in the Answer to Question 25, have had 
an effect to limit the expenses of the more opulent part 
of the Society. 

Question 30. 

What is the relation of the Graduates to the College, 
and how far are their studies and conduct regulated ? 

Answer 30. 

The relation of the Graduates to the College is stated 
generally in the College Laws, and in the regulations 
of the Schools of Divinity, Law, and Medicine. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 55 

The Table of the Lectures and Exercises given by the 
Instructers shows the particular course of instruction de- 
signed for them, in addition to the Publick Lectures of 
the University. 

[See Answer to Question 7, and Appendix B.] 

THE DEPARTMENT FOR GRADUATES AND STUDENTS IN THE 

PROFESSIONS. 

Theolgical School. — This was established by the 
University, assisted by the Society for promoting Theo- 
logical Education in this Institution. The Faculty of 
Theology, consisting of the President, the Alford Pro- 
fessor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil 
Polity, the Hollis Professor of Theology, the Hancock 
Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages, and 
the Dexter Professor of Sacred Literature, carry on the 
course of instruction, which is given to three classes, and 
embraces three years. Graduates of suitable character, 
from any publick College or University, are admissible by 
the vote of the Faculty to the Seminary ; none to be receiv- 
ed at an advanced standing who have not attended to the 
previous parts of the course. Applications are to be made 
in person or by letter to one of the members of the Fac- 
ulty, and, when distance or other circumstances require it, 
must be accompanied by testimonials of good abilities, 
literary progress, and an unblemished character. The 
board and room rent of those members of the Seminary 
whose situation requires such assistance, are paid from 
the funds of the Institution ; and no charge is made to any 
for instruction. 

Law School. — The Royall and University Profess- 
ors of Law, with two gentlemen learned in the Law out 
of one of the College Boards, constitute the Faculty of 
Law. The immediate superintendence of the School is 
committed to the University Professor; and liberty is 
granted to the pupils to attend the lectures in the other 
departments. 

Graduates of any publick College, and others qualified 



56 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

according to the rules of the Courts in any of the United 
States to become students of Law, being of good moral 
character, may be admitted to the Law School. If they 
come from any College or Seminary, they must bring 
certificates of regular standing at the time of their leav- 
ing it. Law students are required to give bond in two 
sureties for the payment of quarterly dues, including the 
fee for instruction, which is one hundred dollars annual- 
ly. Students who desire it are furnished with Com- 
mons and with lodging-rooms on the same terms as other 
members of the University. 

The degree of Bachelor of Laws is conferred on such 
students as remain members of the school not less than 
eighteen months, pursue their studies with diligence, and 
pass the residue of their noviciate in a manner approved 
by the Faculty. 

The course of study is drawn up with reference to a 
term of three years. But students are admitted at any 
period of their noviciate for a term not less than one Col- 
lege quarter. 

Medical School. — In the Medical School the Lec- 
tures are given annually, beginning on the third Wednes- 
day in November, and continuing daily for thirteen 
weeks, in the Massachusetts Medical College, in Boston. 
The fees for the several courses, are as follows : — 
Materia Medica, ^10 ; Midwifery and Medical Juris- 
prudence, ;$^10 ; Chemistry, $1^ ; Theory and Prac- 
tice of Physick, ;^15 ; Anatomy and Surgery, ^20. 

Any Student, after paying the fees for two courses of 
any Professor, is entitled to a perpetual ticket for the 
lectures of that Professor. 

During the lee tures, the students are supplied gratui- 
tously with sets of osteological specimens for study, and 
can have the use of the dissecting-room on defraying the 
attendant expenses. They are admitted, without any 
expense, to the Surgical Operations and Clinical Prac- 
tice of the Massachusetts General Hospital. 



III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 57 

Students may see the practice in the Hospital at other 
seasons of the year upon terms to be known upon ap- 
plication to the physician or surgeon. 

The degree of Doctor of Medicine is given twice a 
year, viz. at the close of the Lectures and at the publick 
Commencement in August. Candidates must pass a 
satisfactory priv^ate examination, and at a publick exami- 
nation read and defend a dissertation. Before being 
admitted to private examination, the candidate must 
have attended two courses of Lectures, stated above, 
and must have employed three years in professional 
studies under the direction of a regular practitioner, in- 
cluding the time occupied in attending the Lectures. If 
not a graduate of a publick College or University, he must 
satisfy the Faculty of his knowledge of Latin and ex- 
perimental philosophy. The fee for the degree of M. 
D. to one who has not taken a degree in Arts at any 
University or College is ^20 ; to a Bachelor of Arts, 
015 , to a Master of Arts, $^0 ; and three dollars are 
to be paid by every medical graduate for his diploma. 

Any Master or Bachelor of Arts, of approved charac- 
ter, who signifies to the President his purpose of residing 
at Cambridge for study, may have access to the lectures 
and library, on giving bond to the satisfaction of the 
Steward in the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, 
to pay all College dues. 



Question 31. 

How many of the Graduates, and what proportion of 
the scholars are beneficiaries ? How much money do 
they receive ? From what funds is it derived ? By 
whom, and under what rules is it apportioned among 
them, and with what reference to their standing as to 
scholarship and moral character r 
8 



58 ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. 

Answer 31. 

Tlie Theological Students, to a number from twelve 
to twenty, are generally assisted in their expenses by an 
allowance from one hundred and thirty to one hundred 
and fifty dollars a year, derived from the following funds : 

The Hopkins fund, - - - ^700 

Appropriated by the Trustees of the Society ) ^^^ 
for promoting Theological Education, ) 

Collections and Annual Subscriptions of the > ^^r. 
Society, ) 

The income of Madam Mary SaltonstalPs ) 
bequest is applied to a Graduate or Under- > 180 
graduate, as the Overseers recommend, ) 

The Corporation generally apply the Pen- ^ c ^^^ 
oyer fund for two fellows, to assist theologi- > g to 
cal students, ) '^ 200 

The number of Beneficiaries among the undergradu- 
ates, who are candidates for more or less assistance in 
paying their expenses, is from a quarter to a fifth part. 
The present number is fifty-seven out of -two hundred 
and twenty-two, the whole number in the four classes. 

A quarter part of the grant of the State in 1814, viz. 
|[2,500 annually, being appropriated to assisting scholars 
to pay their tuition, who should apply therefor, to a 
number not exceeding half a class, to be given accord- 
ing to the judgment of the Corporation, was distributed 
as follows :— In January 1824, it appeared that ^24,381 
_§_i_ had been in the preceding ten years apportioned 
among 298 members of the College in various sums from 
$215 to |4. Of the 980 students in the College for these 
ten years, 42, or l-23d part, received from the whole to 
three quarters of their tuition ; 90, or 1- 1 1th part nearly, 
from three quarters to one half ; 100, or 1-lOth part, fron) 
a half to a quarter; and 65, or l-15th part, less than a 



ill.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 59 

quarter ; and the whole number of recipients of the boun- 
ty in different measures was one third. 

The amount applied to the aid of beneficiaries at pres- 
ent is, certain sums from the general fund of the Col- 
lege and from Exhibitions, in the whole about ;^2,800. 
[See Treasurer's Statement.] Four Monitors, Juniors, 
receive $IH each for keeping bills of absence; and 
three Freshmen receive their board, and three two thirds 
of their board, for the care of publick rooms and other 
services. 

Among those who have a good standing, and are re- 
commended by the Instructers, the money is apportion- 
ed by a Committee appointed by the Corporation, con- 
sisting of the President and one other member of the 
board, and one of the Professors. It is given with a 
joint regard to character, and scholarship, and wants. 

Those who principally partake these benefits are 
among the most distinguished for character and im- 
provement. As respects those who received the State 
grant and College charities during the above mentioned 
period of ten years, it appears that of the 72 comprising 
the six in each class who received the highest sum, 65 were 
in the first quarter of their respective classes in point of 
merit. Of 13 beneficiaries in the present Senior Class, 
9, and of 17 in the Junior Class, 12 are in the first 
third, in literary rank. 



APPENDIX. 



A. 



One of the Officers is Inspector of the publick Edifices of the Uni- 
versity, and authorized to cause such repairs upon them as appear 
proper and necessary. 

One of the Immediate Government is Registrar, and keeps a 
record of votes and orders. 



B, 



COURSE OF INSTRUCTION 

f OR UNDERGRADUATES IN HARVARD COLLEGE, OCTOBER 1821, 
FOR THE ENSUING YEAR. 



The following are the principal Authors and Studies assigned to the 

Classes. 

FRESHMEN. 

1. Collectanea Graeca Majora. Dalzel, 2 vols. 8vo. 3d Cam- 
bridge ed, 
g. Livy, five books, 12mo. 

3. Horace. Cambridge ed. 

4. H Grotius De Veritate Religionis Christianae. 12mo. 

5. Excerpta Latina, Weils, Boston, 8vo. 

6. Geometry, Legendre. Algebra, Lacroix. Cancibridge Translation, 

7. Adam's Roman Antiquities. 

8. Walker's Rhetorical Grammar, 

9. Lowth's English Grammar. 

Exercises in Reading and Declaming each week. 



JILj APPENDIX. 61 

SOPHOMORES. 

I, 5, and 6, continued and finished. 
10. Cicero de Oratore. 

II. Analjtick Geometry, Camb. Course of Math. 1820. 

12. Blair's Lectures on Rhetorick. 2 vols. Bvo. 

13. History, Ancient and Modern. Tytler. 

14. Logick, by Prof. Hedge, 12mo. 
16. Locke's Essay. 2 vols.* 

Exercises in Declamation and Composition once a fortnight. 

JUNIOR SOPHISTERS. 

15. continued and finished. 

16. Homer, Iliad, Maittaire's, or other ed, without translation. 

17. Juvenal and Persius expurg. or equivalent part of Tacitus. 

18. Paley's Evidences of Christianity. 

19. Hebrew Orammar, by Prof Willard. 

20. No. 1 & 2 Wniting & Watson's Hebrew Bible or Psalter. 

21. Greek Testament, Griesbach, Cambridge ed. 

22. Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, Enfield. Brewster's Fer- 

guson. 

23. Brown's Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind. 

24. Paley's Moral Philosophy. 

25. Analytick Geometry, Topography, &c. Camb. Course of Math. 
Public Declamations, Forensick Disputes, once a month. 

Themes once a fortnight. 

N. B. Instead of 19 and 20, those above twenty-one years of age, 
and others at the written request of their parent or guardian, may 
attend to Mathematicks, or Greek and Latin, or French^ 

SENIOR SOPHISTERS. 
23, 24, and 25, continued and finished. 

26. Nautical Astronomy, Surveying, Fluxions, &c. Camb. Course of 

Math. 

27. Chemistry, by Prof Gorham, 2 vols. 8vo. Cambridge ed. 

28. Federalist, 2. vols. 

29 Political Economy. Say. 
30. Butler's Analogy. 

Declamations, Forensicks and Themes the two first terms, as 
in the Junior year. 

N. B. The publick Declamations on Friday at 2 o'clock are to be 
attended by the Seniors and Juniors, and by the Sophomores after 
they begin to declaim in the third term. The members of the other 
classes are not required to be present, but they are permitted to 
attend, observing strict order. 

* Insteaii of Locke's Essay, Stewart's Elements are read. 



^2 



APPENDIX. 
I'ABLE OF PRIVATE EXERCISES. 



cm. 



i^Io^ning i Mond to Sat. 

exercise. \ inclusive. 

^ S Monday to 

Forenoon. | Friday. "^ 

" \ Saturday. 

Afternoon. {S;?"" 



FRESHMEN. 

Greek and Latin. Through the year. 

Mathematicks. J lst&-2d terms, 8l8 weeks of 

English Grammar. ( 4 weeks of 3d term. [3d term. 
Declamation,History, ^j^^,^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ 



and Antiquities 
Greek and Latin, 



Through the year. 



SOPHOMORES. 



Mor 



( Monday to 
( Saturday 
ionday 
Forenoon. ^ to 

'iday. 



( Fri 



Saturday. 



. r^ S Monday to 

Afternoon. < p ,• 



riday. 



Greek and Latin. 

Greek and Latin. 
Rhetorick. 
Matliemalicks. 
History, and Declama- 
tion or English com 
position. 

^ Mathematicks. 

I Logick&Intellect. Phil. 



'■\ 



Through the yeaF. 

1st term. 
2d term. 
3d term. 

Through the year. 

1st and 2d terms, 
3d terra. 



Morning. 



Forenoon. 



Afternoon, 



Monday to 

Saturday 
( Mond. Tues 
^ day, & Wed- 
( nesday. 

Thursday. 
C Monday 
i to 
( Thursday. 



JUNIORS. 

Metaphysicks. 

Natural Philosophy. 

Theology. 

Hebrew, or substitute. 

Mathematicks. 

Forensicks or Themes.* 

and Latin. 
Miilosophy. 

Testament, 



r urensiu 
( Greek an 
^ Moral PI 
( Greek T( 



1st term. 

2d and 3d terms. 

1st term. 

2d term. 

3d term. 

Through the year. 

1st and 2d terms. 

Last 7 weeks of 3d term. 

1st 5 weeks of 3d term. 



Morning. 
Forenoon. 



Afternoon. 



SENIORS, 

Monday to ^ Mathematicks&Chemistry. 1st and half 2d term. 

Friday. ( Moral & Polit. Philosophy. Half 2d and 3d term. 

M. T. k. W. J Astronomy. 1st term. 

M. & W. I Theology 2 term to April. 

Thursday. Forensicks or Tliemes. 1st and 2d terms. . 

Monday to ^ Moral h Polif. Philosophy. 1st term. 

Thursday. ( Intellectual Philosophy. 2d term to April. 



The Hancock Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages 
will, at private hours, instruct such students as may at any time form 
a class to extend their knowledge of these languages beyond what is 
required in the regular course of his department. 

The usual time of private exercises, for the morning, is immedi- 
ately after prayers ; in the forenoon, at half after X o'clock or at 

* On one Thursday half the class read ForensickSj and on the other all present 
Th:proi«s. 



III.] 



APPENDIX. 63^ 



XI ; in the afternoon, from the end of the autumnal vacation, till the 
first day of November, at IV; from tYi^t time till the winter vaca- 
tion, between between IV and half after III ; from the end of the 
winter vacation, till the middle of March, at IV; thence till the 
middle of April, at half after IV ; from that time till Commence- 
ment, at V. Any variations from these times, required by the size 
or division of classes or the nature of the exercise, is to be an- 
nounced as there may be occasion by the Professors or Tutors. 

French Language. The Instructer in French and Spanish gives 
lessons to those who apply and attend regularly at hours to be from 
term to term assigned. 



HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 

OCTOBER, 1023. 

The Course of Study and Instruction^ as establised in 1821, will be coji- 
tinuedy with such variations as have been or may be announced, 

LECTURES. 
TERM I. 

By the Professor of Divinity, six a week for six and a half weeks, at* 

morning study bell, to Seniors. 

'• Astronomy, first three days, at XI., to Seniors. 

TERM il. 

By the Professor of Hebrew, six a week for six wrecks, at morning" 
^ study bell, to Juniors. 

Ifjlj^. " Mathematicks and Experimental Philosophy, five first 

days in the week (except every second Thursday,) 
at XI., to Senioi's and Juniors 

♦ French and Spanish Literature, till x\pril 1, five first 

days of the week (except every second Thursday), 
at IV. P. M. From April 1, Monday, Tuesday, and 
Thursday, at morning study bell, to Seniors. 

" - Greek Literature, till April 1, six a week, at morning 
study bell to Seniors. 

" (Rumford,) from April, Wednesday, Friday, and Sat- 

urday, at IX., to ^^^^eniors. 

'' Anatomy and Surgery, or Chemistry, at V. P. M., 

five days of the week, to Seniors. 

''• Natural History and Mineralogy, at times to be an- 

nounced in this and the succeeding term. 



64 



APPENDIX. 



[III. 



TERM III. 

By the Professor of Chemistry, five first days of the 
week, at V. P. M. 

" Law(RoyaIl,) four days in the week, atX. 

" (Rumford,) Wednesday, Friday, and Sat- 

urday, at IX. [ to Seniors: 

" French and Spanish Literature, five first 

days of the week, at XI. 

'• Greek Literature, Monday, Tuesday, 

and Thursday, at morning study bell, ^ 

" Rhetorick and Oratory, Monday and Wednesday, at 

morning study bell, and Friday at X., to Juniors. 



Harvard College, 21th December, 1824. 



# 



ERRATA. 



>age 24, line 5, dele 1818-19. 

" " "11? after Student, add, and for the first half of the years. 

1821-;i2 & 1823-24, was 21 to each Student. 
" 40, line 6 from bottom, read (1.) 

In Document II. page 48, line 19, after studies, add, " And once a 
week they discuss a legal question upon the pleadings in a fictitious 
action. In these discussions the Professor presides, and gives his 
opinion. He also attends a debating club held by the Students once 
a week, with a view to improvement in extempore elocution.'^'' 



IV. 
REVISED CODE OF COLLEGE LAWS, 



TO THE CORPORATION 




jrmmetriate ©oijetrmeiit 



# 



^Am^ 



OF 



HARVARD COLLEGE. 



m 



CHAPTER I. 

EXECUTIVE AND IMMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT OF THE 
COLLEGE. 

1. The Executive Government of the College is 
vested in the President, Professors, Tutors, Librarian, 
Regent, and Proctors. 

2. The President, the Professors not exempted by 
the tenure of their offices, the Tutors, and the Librarian, 
constitute the Immediate Government. 

The Immediate Government have authority to 
make all orders and regulations necessary for carrying 
'nto effect their respective powers and duties, and to 
appoint Committees of their body with power to ad- 
minister any punishment below suspension. 

4. It is the duty of the Immediate Government to 
take the general state of the College into frequent 
consideration, and to propose to the Corporation any 
laws and measures by which, in their judgment, the 
system of instruction and discipline may be improved. 



KEVISED CODE OF LAWS. [IV. 

CHAPTER II. 

BIETHODS OF DISCIPLINE, 



1. Encourafi^ements and Rewards. 



-o 



To encourage good conduct in the members of the 
society^ and animate them to literary exertion, the fol- 
lowing system of rewards is established. 

1. The President, consulting with the several offi- 
cers of government and instruction, will, in the early 
part of the Sophomore year, present books, provided 
by the Hopkins fund, to a number of the students of 
the aforesaid class, who are most distinguished by 
their application to their studies. 

2. The Corporation will give out subjects for Bow- 
doin prize dissertations in the English language, and 
assign to the author or authors of the two best per- 
foroiances, a first premium for each, and to the author 
or authors of the two next best, a second premium for 
each ; if so many dissertations, of sufficient merit, are 
offered. The first premium is a gold medal of the 
value of ihfH^ dollars ; the second, a gold medal of ^^ 
the value of tvvcnty dollars. Candidates must sub-^4|p 
scribe ficiitious names to their dissertations, and ac- 
company them with sealed letters, having the fictitious 
names on the outside, and their real names within ; 
which letters will be burnt miopened, except those 

of the successful candidates, whose names will be 
placed in the records of the Corporation and of the 
Immediate Governnent. 

In conformity to the will of the founder of these 
prizesj the successful dissertations must be read in 
publick by their respective authors, who shall deliver a 
fair copy of the same, to be lodged in the Library ; 






IV,'] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 5 

such copies to be written on quarto paper of the same 
size, that such of them as shall merit it, may be 
bound together in handsome volumes and be lodged 
in the library. 

3. Agreeably to the institution of the "Boylston 
Prizes' for Elocution," on the day after Commence- 
ment in each year, there will be held in University 
Hall, or in the Meeting-House at Cambridge, a pub- 
lick exhibition and trial of the skill and improvement 
of the Students at the University in elocution. The 
speakers are not to rehearse their own composition ; 
but to select pieces in prose or verse, from English, 
Greek, or Latin authors, the selection to be approved 
by the Boylston Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory. 
The proportion in English is to be at least two out of 
three. The competitors must be Graduates of the 
year, or Undergraduates of one of the two next classes. 
The President and Fellows of the College will, in 
each year, select five gentlemen, who have been dis- 
tinguished for their elocution, either at the Bar, in the 
Pulpit, or in the Senate, who, with the Corporation 
or a major part of them, will judge of the merits of 
the competitors, and award the prizes. They will 
assign five prizes ; two first prizes, viz. fifteen dollars, 
or a gold medal of that value, to each of the two best 

peakers ; and three second prizes, viz. ten dollars, or a 
Id medal of that value, to each of the three next best ; 
bvided, that if the judges shall be of opinion that 
none of the competitors have exhibited sufficient skill 
and improvement to be entitled to the first prizes, they 
may withhold them. 

At this exhibition no prompting of the speakers will 
be allowed ; and a failure of memor}^ in any one, will 
exclude him from being considered in the assignment 
of the prizes. 

4. In the selection of Students to receive pecuniary 
favours, such as the College benefits called exhibitions, 
and the Hollis scholarships, the Corporation will give 
the preference to those (not otherwise disqualified), 



6 REVISED CODE OF LAWS, * [IV. 

who are of good behaviour, and who are recommended 
by the Immediate Government as excelling in their 
respective studies. Any open profaneness, or disorder- 
ly or undutiful behaviour, shall be accounted a dis- 
qualification for such favours. The Students appoint- 
ed by the Immediate Government to perform services 
to which a compensation is annexed, are also to be 
chosen with a view to literary merit and to moral 
character. And rio one who is a College beneficiary 
shall remain such any longer, than he shall continue 
exemplary for sobriety, diligence, and regard to order. 

5. There will be three Exhibitions each year, viz. 
at each of the semi-annual visits of the Committee of 
the Overseers, and one in the other term. The refusal 
of a student to perform the part assigned him in these 
or any other literary exercise, will be punished as a 
high offence. 

Every performer shall lodge with the President, one 
week at least previous to the Exhibition, a fair copy 
of his performance. At such time as may be fixed by 
the Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory, each per- 
former shall rehearse his part. 

If any one shall make additions, to what is contained 
in the copy delivered by him to the President or other 
presiding officer, or shall speak any thing in publick 
which he has been directed to omit, he shall suffer ^ 
punishment according to the aggravation of the offencsB^ 

6. The Students will be examined by a Committl^^HP 
appoijited by the Overseers from their own body, or^^ 
at large, or in the presence of such Committee, in 
order to ascertain the proficiency of the several Classes, 

and of each individual in them, in the whole of their 
studies. 

To carry this diBsign into effect, it shall be the duty 
of each Instrncter, when a Class has completed a par- 
tic^ular branch of study, or finished the study of a 
particular book, as shall be judged expedient by the 
Government, and determined by a rule, to give infor- 
mation of the same to the President, who will appoint 



^ 



IV.2 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 7 

a day for the examination of the Class, in that study 
or book, giving notice, at least seven days before, to 
the Chairman of the Committee appointed to examine 
in that branch of study. And the examining Commit- 
tee will be requested to mark by numbers their estimate 
of the performance of each Student, which estimate 
shall be taken into consideration by the Instructer, and 
have its influence in forming the next Scale of Merit. 

The Committee will state generally their opinion 
of the degree of thoroughness and exactness with 
which the book or branch of study, has been learned ; 
and they will also mention by name, in their report, 
such Students as have distinguished themselves by the 
excellence of their performance. 

7. In the months of June and December of each 
year, a Scale of Merit will be made out, by which the 
relative rank of each Student in his class shall be as- 
certained, by adding together the amount allowed him 
by the several Instructers in all the branches of study 
which he has pursued ; and the amount allowed in 
each separate branch shall be fixed, by the Instructer 
in that branch, by a comparison of his own estimate 
at the recitations and the estimate of the examining 
Committee in their report. 

In forming the Scale of Merit, one column will be 
llowed to conduct and deportment, which shall be 
^cided by the united voice, and grounded on the re- 
cords, of the Immediate Government. 

II. Punishments, 

1. The Governors and Instructers earnestly desire 
that the Students may be influenced to good conduct 
and literary exertion by higher mo^ves than the fear 
of punishment ; but when such motives fail, the Gov- 
ernment will have recourse to friendly caution and 
warning, fines, solemn admonition, and official notice 
of delinquency to Parents or Guardians ; and, where 
the nature and circumstances of the case require it, to 
suspension, dismission, rustication, or expulsion. 



8 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [lY. 

All instances of disorder, or breach of the College 
laws, or absence from any College duty, or negligent 
performance of an exercise, are recorded, and formally 
reported to the Government at stated times^ and when- 
ever occasion requires. 

Whenever any Student is found delinquent, he is 
liable to be deprived of any such indulgence as may be 
granted to exemplary Srudents with respect to absence, 
going out of town, and the like ; to have particular 
portions of study prescribed to him, to be performed 
during the varation, or at other times; and to forfeit 
ali claims to the distinctions and rewards provided for 
the meritorious ; and if he persist in such delinquency, 
he may be suspended or suffer higher punishment. 

2. By suspension for negligence, a student is sepa- 
rated from his Class as to those branches of study in 
which he is deficient, and placed under private instruc- 
tion, provided for the purpose, in the town of Cam- 
bridge. 

Every person so suspended is required to perform 
exercises with the person or persons under whose care 
he is placed^ at such times, and in such manner, as the 
Govenmie!st shall direct, and he is not permitted to 
leave the town of Cambridge during the whole time of 
his suspension, without special leave for some very ur- 
gent reason ; the same rules and restrictions being in^jk 
force in the vacation as in term time. And in no ("^^^f^jf 
shall he be restored to good standing, till he shall have ^ 
givcHi entire satisfaction for at least thn e months, by 
orderly conduct, and diligent and faithful application 
to his studies. 

It is provided however that a Student suspended 
either for negligence, or for any violation of the laws, 
may, when the Governnjent shall think it expedient, 
be removed from the College and the town of Cam- 
bridge, and placed under ihe care of a suitable person 
not connected with tlie College ; and he shall be 
subject to restrictions and requisitions similar to those 
above mentioned, and be required to bring satisfactory 



• 



iV.] REVISEt) CODE OF LAWS. 9 

testimonials of good conduct, and be examined for 
restoration. 

3. Dismission is the separation of a Student from 
the College for a year ; at the end of which, on pro- 
ducing testimonials of good conduct during the whole 
time since his dismission, and appearing to be well 
qualified, he may, at the discretion of the Immediate 
Government, be restored to the class to which he be- 
fore belonged. If he fail to produce such testimonials, 
he shall not be admitted to an examination ; and if 
upon examination he be found unfit to join the class he 
left, he may be admitted to such other standing as he 
may be found qualified for. 

4. Rustication is the separation of a Student from 
all connexion with the College, his removal from it 
for one, two, or three years, and his final separation 
from the Class of which he was a member. At the 
end of the prescribed time, he may be received into the 
next lower Class, or other Class, at the discretion of 
the Government, not more than three below that of 
which he was a member, upon his producing testimo- 
nials of good conduct during the whole time after his 
rustication, satisfactory to the Immediate Government; 
and upon his appearing on examination to be well 

ualified for the standing to which he is destined. 

5. Expulsion is a final separation from the College. 

6. In all instances of offence against the laws and 
discipline of the College, or against good morals, to 
which no specifick penalties are annexed in the laws, 
the Immediate Goverment may inflict such of the Col- 
lege punishments as they shall think just and requisite. 

7. Every quarter bill of each student shall be ac- 
companied by a statement, from the records, of every 
mark of approbation or distinction he has received in 
the quarter, of every punishment or censure he has 
incurred, and of all his absences from exercises, lectures, 
and publick worship; with any other information, 
which in the opinion of the Government will be use- 
ful to parents or guardians ; to whom a copy of the 



10 UEVISED CODE OF LAWS. (IV\ 

Quarter Bill, with the particulars above enumerated, 
will be sent. 



CHAPTER III. 



ON DEVOTIONAL EXERCISES AND THE OBSERVANCE 
OF THE lord's DAY. 

1. The Students shall constantly, seasonably, and 
with due reverence, attend prayers in the Chapel 
every morning and evening, and publick worship at 
the assigned place on the Lord's day, on the days of 
the annual publick Fast and Thanksgiving, and of the 
Dudleian Lecture^ and at such other times as they 
may be required. 

Every Student is required, on the Lord's day and the 
evening preceding, to abstain from visiting and from 
receiving visits, from unnecessary walking, from using 
any diversion, and from all behaviour inconsistent 
with that sacred season. 

2. Any Student who has been educated in the wor- 
ship of the Episcopal Church may obtain leave to at- 
tend the service of that Church in Cambridge, upon 
his presenting a written request to that effect to the 
Immediate Government ; from himself, if he be more 
than twenty-one years of age ; or from his parent or 
guardian, if he be under that age. 



IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 11 



CHAPTER IV. 

OF THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION, HOURS OF STUDY, 
AND ATTENDANCE ON LITERARY EXERCISES. 

1. The hours for stiulj are from the end of the half 
hour next after breakfast till 12 o'clock ; from 2 o'clock 
P. M. till evening prayers ; and after 8 o'clock P. M. 
through the first term and to the middle of April in 
the second term, and after 9 o^clock P. M. daring the 
remainder of the second and through the third term. 

In these hours the Students shall remain in their 
rooms and not leave them without a sufficient reason ; 
and shall abstain not only from disorderly noises, as at 
ail times, but from all noise which may cause iiiter- 
ruption, such as loud conversation, singing, or playing 
on a musical instrument, and the like. 

2. The lectures and exercises to be attended and 
performed by the Students, shall be arranged from time 
to time in the manner most favourable to their progress. 
The arrangement of the prescribed duties of the Pro- 
fessors and Tutors, and of the prescribed studies; the 
times and modes of recitation ; the classification ojf the 
Students ; and in general the methods of Instruction, 
are committed to the immediate Government, it being 
understood that the Corporation shall at their discretion 
take measures as heretofore, relative to the particulars 
above named, and that the doings of the Immediate 
Government thereon shall always be subject to the 
control of the Corporation. 

3. No Student shall, during term time^ attend the' 
Instruction of any person who is not an oiticer of the 
College, without special permission from the Immedi- 
ate Government. 

4. Every literary exercise which a Student fails to 
perfurm, whether from absence or any other cause, or 
which IS negligently done, is required to be afterwards 
performed. Absences and negligences, although the 



12 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [IV. 

exercise be lifterwards performed, are recorded, and 
subject the delinquent to censure at the discretion of 
the Immediate Government. 



CHAPTER V. 

OF VACATIONS AND ABSENCE. 

1 . There will be three vacations ; the first of four 
weeks and two days, from Commencement ; the sec- 
ond, of seven weeks from the fourth Friday in Decem- 
ber ; the third, of two weeks, from the third Friday in 
May. The Senior Sophisters may retire from College 
four weeks before Commencement ; nor shall any one 
continue after that time in Cambridge, without special 
permission from the Immediate Government. Such 
must be subject to all laws enjoining orderly conduct 
and attendance on devotional exercises. 

2. No Student who is not an inhabitant of the town 
of Cambridge shall remain in Cambridge during any 
vacation without leave from the President ; and all 
Students remaining in Cambridge during the vacations 
shall be subject to the laws enjoining orderly conduct, 
and to those respecting the boarding houses of the Stu- 
dents. 

3. No Student shall be absent from College a night 
in term time without permission from the President for 
some urgent reason, or in his absence from such other 
officer as shall be authorized to act in his place. 

Absence from the town of Cambridge without spe- 
cial permission for urgent reasons, except at such times 
as the Immediate Government may authorize by a 
general regulation, is strictly prohibited. 

4. At the close of each term, where any Student has 
failed to perform, to the satislaction of the Instructers, 
all studies and exercises which have been demanded 
of him during the term, the same shall be required of 



IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. IS 

him in the vacation ; and, in order to this, he may be 
required by the Government to remain at College un- 
til they have been fully performed. 

Also ail Students who remain at the College during 
the vacation and whose parents request it, shall have 
duties assigned them, and exercises to be performed 
to some oiiicer appointed for the purpose. 

6. Each Student is required to perform all the ex- 
ercises of his Class, during his absence from College, 
whether it be with leave or without : — Provided, how- 
ever, that in each case, at the request of the Student, 
the Government may assign those studies to a future 
vacation, if, in their opinion, the student may then be 
able to perlorm them. 

6. Each Student, obtaining leave of absence for 
one night or more, shall lodge a certificate thereof with 
the Regent ; and when any Student shall return after 
such leave, or after any vacation, he is required to ap- 
ply to the Regent's F/eshman, at his room, to enter the 
time of his return, and see it entered. 

7. Each Student who shall prolong his absence 
beyond the time for which he has obtained leave, or 
shall not return immediately upon the expiration of a 
vacation, is required to lodge with the Regent's Fresh- 
man, when he enters his name, a certificate of his ex- 
cuse for such absence, signed by his parent or guardian, 
or his physician in (^ase of sickness, or, if he be more 
than twenty-one years of age, by himself. 



CHAPTER VI. 

MISDEMEANORS AND CRIMINAL OFFENCES. 

1. For either of the following offences, Students 
may be punished by any of the college censures, at 
the discretion of the Immediate Government, viz. 

(1.) Profane language 5 intoxication; falsehood: 



14 HE VISED CODE OP LAWS. [IV. 

gaming ; extravagance ; dissipation ; indecency in lan- 
guage, dress, or behaviour ; the offering of violence to 
the person or the chamber of a student ; also violations 
of the respect due to the instructers and officers of the 
College. 

(2.) Making or being present at any festive enter- 
tainment, except at Commencement season, or on Ex- 
hibition days with the permission of the President ; or 
going into any tavern or victualling house in Cambridge 
for the purpose of eating or drinking. 

Making noises to the disturbance of the College, or 
of any of the inhabitants of the town. 

Having any concern in bonfires, fire-works, or 
illuminations. 

Being an actor or spectator in any theatrical enter- 
tainment, or being present at any ball, assembly, or 
party of pleasure^ in term time, without leave from the 
President, at the request of a parent, guardian, or 
patron. 

Playing at cards or dice. 

Buying, selling, or bartering books, apparel, fur- 
niture, or any other property, without leave from the 
President, or a written permission from a parent or 
guardian. 

Keeping a gun or pistol, or gunpowder, or firing a 
gun or pistol. 

(3.) Also, refusing or neglecting to come when sent 
for by any officer of the College ; refusing to give evi- 
dence when required respecting any violation of the 
laws, or falsifying therein ; resisting in any way the 
authority of the College, or associating with one who 
is under sentence of dismission, rustication, or expul- 
sion, or with any other person with whom they may 
be forbidden to associate by the Government. 

2. Whereas offences may be committed in which so 
many are actors or abetters as to render it inexpedient 
to punish all concerned, the Immediate Government 
may select for punishment as many of the offenders as 
they may judge necessary to secure the end of punish- 



IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. \5 

ment ; due regard being had to the nature of the of* 
fence, and to the general character and past behaviour 
of the persons thus selected : Provided, that in any case 
the government may adopt any principle of selection 
which may appear necessary for securing the good or- 
der of the College. 

Also where acts of disorder or violence are commit- 
ted by individuals who are screened from detection by 
their situation, and by the disposition of those around 
them to withhold evidence, the Immediate Governniient 
may select for punishment any who, by withholding 
evidence and screening the guilty, shall thus appear, to 
the satisfaction of the Government, to be actors in, or 
abetters of the crime ; due regard being had^ as before, 
to general character and past behaviour. 

3. Any combination of Students to do an unlawful 
act, shall subject the oifenders to any of the College 
punishments, at the discretion of the Immediate Gov- 
ernment. 

4. Whenever the Immediate Government are satis- 
fied that a Studenrt is not fulfilling the purposes of his 
residence at the College, and is not likely to fulfil 
them ; or that he is from any cause an unfit member 
of the society, it shall be their duty to dismiss him from 
the College ; it being however provided^ that the Gov- 
ernment may, whenever they see fit, acquaint the par- 
ent or guardian of such student with his character and 
conduct, "and leave it to such parent or guardian to re- 
move him by his own act. 



CHAPTER VII. 

OCCUPATION OF ROOMS. DRESS. EXPENSES AND 
DEBTS. CLASS MEETINGS. 

1. The Students shall statedly reside in the rooms 
assigned to them. No one shall lodge or board out of 



16 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [IV. 

the College without leave, nor except at such houses 
as the Government approve ; nor shall he suffer any 
one to lodge at his chamber without leave from one of 
the Government. 

In all cases of disorder at rooms the occupants shall 
be responsible. 

When two Students occupy a room, each one shall 
supply his proportion of furniture and wood, during 
the whole time for which the room is assigned, wheth- 
er he be present or absent. 

2. The dress of the Undergraduates is to be as fol- 
lows : The coat of black mixed,* single-breasted, with 
a rolling cape square at the end, and with pocket flaps ; 
the waist reaching to the natural waist, with lapels of 
the same length ; three crow's feet made of black silk 
cord on the lower part of the sleeve of the coat of a 
Senior, two on that of a Junior^ one on that of a Soph- 
omore : the waistcoat of black mixed or of black, or, 
when of cotton or linen fabrick, of white, single-breast- 
ed with a standing collar : the pantaloons of black 
mixed or of black bombazet, or, when of cotton or lin- 
en fabrick, of white. The surtout or great coat of 
black mixed, with not more than two capes. The but- 
tons of the above dress must be flat, covered with the 
same cloth as that of the garments, not more than eight, 
nor less than six, on the front of the coat, and four be- 
hind. A surtout or outside garment is not to be substi- 
tuted for the coat. But the Students are permitted to 
^vear black gowns, in which they may appear on all 
publick occasions. Night gowns of cotton, or linen, or 
silk fabrick, made in the usual form, or in that of a 
frock coat, may be worn, except on the Sabbath, or 
Exhibition, or on other occasions when an undress 
would be improper. The neckcloths must be plain 
black, or plain white, the hats of the common form and 
black, and the shoes and boots black. 

** By black mixed (called also Oxford mixed^ is understood, black with a 
mixture of not more than one twentieth, nor less than one twenty-fifth part 
while. 



IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 17 

No Student while in the State of Massachusetts, 
shall, either in vacation or term time, wear any differ- 
ent dress or ornament from those above named, except 
that in case of mourning he may add the customary 
badges. 

3. Some gentleman at Cambridge, not of the Imme- 
diate Government, shall be appointed by the Corpora- 
tion, to be Panoo of ail those Students who are not of 
this Commonwealth, unless they belong to places with- 
in one hundred miles of Cambridge ; and shall have 
charge of the foods of all such Students. 

The Patron shall have particular instruction, from 
the authorities of the College, concerning the kind of 
expenses allowed to be incurred by the Students whose 
funds are in his hands, and he shall make no disburse- 
ments and pay no bills inconsistent with such instruc- 
tions; and whatever bills he may pay shall contain a 
distinct specification and charge of every article. 

The Patron shall give a detailed account of the ex-, 
penses incurred by each Student under his care to the 
Immediate Government, and any of the other authori- 
ties of the College, when required. 

The parent or guardian of such Student shall be in- 
formed what are the necessary annual expenses includ- 
ed in the College bills ; and he shall also be informed 
by the Patron what funds for the support and use of 
his son or ward must be remitted to him, who is to 
have the whole control of the same, under the direction 
of the Instructers of the College. 

No Student, within the provisions of this law, shall 
be permitted to continue at College unless he shall 
comply with the laws on this subject ; and every such 
Student is to be charged in his quarter bill at the rate 
of six dollars a year, towards a compensation to the 
Patron. 

No debt is allowed to be incurred by the Student 
above described, unless by an order from the Patron. 

The rules of the College in relation to the expendi- 
tures of Students belonging to this State or to any 
3 



18 REVISED CODE OF LAVV§. • |IV.} 

place within a hundred miles of Cambridge, are to be 
communicated to the Students concerned and their par- 
ents or guardians, and no such student is allowed to 
contract aoj debt without the order of his parent or 
guardian. 

4 No Class meeting shall be held without special 
license from the President, nor for any other purpose 
or purposes than those expressed in the license, nor at 
times that shall interfere with any College exercise. 
Any meetings otherwise held will be punished as un- 
lawful combinations. 



CHAPTER VIIL 

COMMONS. 

1. Board is provided in Commons at a price not ex- 
ceeding the actual cost ; and as the establishment is in- 
tended for general benefit, every student is charged 
two dollars and fifty cents a quarter for steward and 
commons, whether he board in commons or not. 

2. Any Student wishing to board out of Commons 
must make application for each quarter, at least a week 
previous to quarter day. The mode of applying is to 
lodge with the Tutor of his class a written request, 
stating the place where he proposes to board, which, 
in the case of a minor, shall be accompanied by the 
written consent of his parent, or guardian, or patron. 

3. He must live at a house approved by the Imme- 
diate Government : and no houses are to be approved 
as boarding" places but such as conform to the regula- 
tions which may be established. 

No one can be put out of Commons but by a note 
from the President, or ooe of the Tutors, his own Tu- 
tor if in College. Each Student boardiug in Com- 
mons shall, immediately upon coming into town, give 



IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 19 

notice to the contractor at the kitchen ; and, if any 
neglect to give such notice, he shall be liable to a 
charge for board amounting to donble the cost of the 
Commons for the whole of the time he shall have been 
in Commons without such notice being given. 

4. All damage done to the utensils in the Hall at 
any meal shall be charged to the person or persons 
who did the same or any part of it, if kiiown ; and if 
it cannot be known who did the damage, the loss shall 
be assessed, according to the law respecting damages 
generally, on the Scholars in Commons. 

6. Any violation of order raid decorum at Commons, 
while the blessing; is asking, or at any other time, shall 
subject the oiTender to punishment at the discretion of 
the Government. 



CHAPTER IX. 

DAMAGES, REPAIRS, AND QUARTER BILLS. 

1. Any Student, who shall damage, destroy, or per- 
loin property belonging to the College, sliall make 
good the same, and may also be assessed to an equal 
amount, to be appropriated to the repairing of general 
damages : or suffer any of the College punishments, 
according to the nature and circumstances of the of- 
fence. 

If the perpetrator be not discovered, damage when 
done to any inhabited chamber or study shall be made 
good by the occupants ; when done in an entry, by 
an equal assessment upon those inhabiting the entry ; 
when done to any public seat, table, or room, by an 
equal assessment upon those who occupy such seat, ta- 
ble, or room ; and when any other property, belonging 
to the College, is damaged, or destroyed, or purloined, 
it shall be made good by all the Students who were in 
town at the time. 

2. Every Scholar is required, without delay, to dis- 



20 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [lY. 

charge his qiiarterly dupsj and lawful interest shall be 
paid upon every bill, from the time it has been due 
three months, till it be discharged. And no student 
shall be permitted to join his class, to occupy his cham- 
ber, or to continue at College, who fails to pay to the 
Steward, on or before the second day of every term, 
each quarter bill due from him to the College, except, 
that which was last made out; and if the bills be not 
paid, as required^, they shall be put in suit in thirty 
days. 



CHAPTER X. 



OF THE LIBRARY. 



1. Each Student of the Senior and Junior classes 
may borrow from the Library, of such books as are se- 
lected for their use, not more than three volumes at a 
time ; and each Student of the Sophomore and Fresh- 
man classes, not more than two volumes ; at such times 
and by such rules as may be prescribed by the govern- 
ment. 

No book shall be borrowed from the Library with- 
out the knowledge and presence of the Librarian or 
his Assistant. 

All books shall be returned on the Thursday preced- 
ing the Spring and Winter vacations. Those who re- 
side in Cambridge during any vacation may borrow 
the number of books allowed to their Class, on the 
^liursdays just named, and on the Friday following 
Commencement. They may, at stated times, exchange 
their books, and shall return them on the first regular 
day for their class to borrow books. 

2. If any member of the Senior or Junior classes 
wish, for some special purpose, to read or consult any 
book not allowed to be in the common use ol the Stu- 
dents, the Librarian may, if he sees fit, permit him to 



IV.X REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 21 

read or consult such book in the Library, or may lend 
it to him from the Library. 

No Undergraduate, when in the Library, shall go 
into any of the Alcoves, or take down any book from 
the shelves, or remain there to read or consult any 
book, except by special permission from the Librarian. 

3. If any Undergraduate shall detain a book beyond 
the prescribed time, he shall not be allowed to borrow 
any other book, till he has returned or replaced it. 

4. If any Student deface, injure, or lose any book 
belonging to the Library, he shall be assessed in double 
damages, and be liable to such other punishment as the 
Government shall think reasonable. 

5. Senior Sophisters shall return into the Library 
all their borrowed books on or before the Friday next 
preceding the day of their departure from College : and 
every person shall return all his borrowed books every 
year, by the eighth day of August ; and after that day 
no book shall be taken out of the Library till the Fri- 
day after Commencement. 



CHAPTER XL 

OF COMMENCEMENT AND ACADEMICAL DEGREES. 

L The Commencement will be on the last Wednes- 
day in August annually. 

No one shall be admitted to a first degree, who has 
not attended upon, and satisfactorily performed the 
course of academical exercises ; nor any one who re- 
fuses or neglects to perform the part assigned him for 
Commencement. 

Each performer at Commencement shall deliver a 
fair copy of his performance to the President or presid- 
ing officer at such time as shall be prescribed previous 
to Commencement. 

If any one shall make additions to what is contained 



22 REVISED CODE OF LAWS- [JV. 

in the copy delivered by him to the President^ or other 
presiding officer, or shall utter any thing in publick 
vv'hich he has been directed to omit, he shall not be 
suffered to proceed, and shall be liable to lose his de- 
gree. 

2. Every Bachelor of Arts, having preserved a good 
character during the three years subsequent to his tak- 
ing his degree, shall, upon complying with the requisi- 
tions hereafter stated, be entitled to a degree of Master 
of Arts. 

Every Bachelor to whom a part has been assigned 
for performance at Commencement shall furnish the 
President with a fair copy of his performance, previ- 
ously to Commencement day, and if any one shall de- 
liver any thing in publick not approved by the Presi- 
dent, he shall not be suffered to proceed, and shall be 
liable to lose his degree. 

3. Every Candidate for a second degree shall pay 
ten dollars to the College Steward. 

4. No Scholar shall receive a first or second degree, 
unless he produce to the President a certificate from 
the Steward, that he has satisfied his College dues 
charged in his Quarter Bills, or otherwise charged ac- 
cording to custom ; and one from the Librarian, that 
he has returned in good order or replaced all the books 
he has borrowed from the Library, or made such satis- 
faction as is required by the law respecting the Library. 

5. Every candidate for either degree in Arts, and 
for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and Bachelor of 
Law, shall attend the public procession on Commence- 
ment day, to and from the College. And everj^ Can- 
didate for a first degree, shall attend in black, or in 
such dress as is permitted to be worn by undergrad- 
uates. 

6. Persons, who have received a degree in any other 
University or College, may, upon proper application, 
be admitted ad cundem^ upon payment of five dollars 
to the Steward. But honorary degrees, conferred by 
the Corporation with the consent of the Overseers, on 
account of distinguished merit, are free from all charge. 



IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 23 

CHAPTER XII. 

OF GUADUATES AND RESIDENT GRADUATES, 

1 . Any Master or Bachelor of Arts of good charac- 
ter may be admitted to the privileges of a Resident 
Graduate, on giving bond to the Steward, in the sum 
of one hundred and forty dollars, to pay all College 
dues. 

2. Graduates, and Students in the Theological and 
Law Schools, and matriculated Medical Students, liv- 
ing in Cambridge, are admitted to the Lectures and 
Library of the University. 

' 3. If any Graduate or professional Student, residing 
in Cambridge, shall be chargeable with idleness, ex- 
travagance, or any vice ; or shall allow disorder in his 
room, or fail to show respect to the laws and govern- 
ors of the College, and, after admonition by the Pres- 
ident, shall not reform, his chamber, if he have one in 
College, and all his privileges as a Resident Graduate, 
shall be withdrawn. 



END. 



ERRATUM. 

la Document III. page 21, after the name of the Professor of 
Rhetorick and Oratory, add " 62 lessons in Rhetorickj of 2 hours . 
each, given to the Sophomores in divisions.-' 














^it,r^^''^^:^^V - ' -^^ '■■'■■■ ' 






^^^^#r 



















Mi' 






'^0^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



029 908 995 2 










*sii 



■'^ ■'?J'^'^-J 












